Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Information, information theory: A character or a character combination contains information when it is clear to the recipient that this character or the character combination appears instead of another possible character or a possible character combination. The supply of possible characters determines to a part the probability of the occurrence of a character from this supply. In addition, the expected probability of the appearance of a character can be increased by already experienced experiences of regularities. The amount of information transmitted by a character depends on the improbability of the occurrence of the character._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Gerhard Schurz on Information - Dictionary of Arguments
I 127 Information/relevance/statistics/Schurz: in the strict case the all proposition (x)(Ax u Bx) > Kx is irrelevant, (Bx) has no information. Rather, it follows logically from (x)(Ax > Kx) . In contrast: probabilistic: here the irrelevant generalization p(Kx I Ax u Bx) = r has additional information compared to p(Kx I Ax) = r because it does not follow from it, but expresses an independent fact. This information is needed if we want to predict Ka for an individual a to which both Aa and Ba apply. This is because, according to the principle of the closest reference class, we must ensure that conditionalization on Bs does not change the probability p(Ax I Ax). Since empirical predictions must always exclude a myriad of irrelevant assumptions, one does this by default: Default assumption/Schurz: one excludes something, or makes a decision, as long as there is nothing against it. Here against the irrelevance assumption. >Generalization, >Probability, >Probability theory._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Schu I G. Schurz Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie Darmstadt 2006 |
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> Counter arguments against Schurz
> Counter arguments in relation to Information
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-28