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The author or concept searched is found in the following 3 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical Factors | Acemoglu | Acemoglu I 48 Geographical Hypothesis/Acemoglu/Robinson: One widely accepted theory of the causes of world inequality is the geography hypothesis, which claims that the great divide between rich and poor countries is created by geographical differences. Many poor countries, such as those of Africa, Central America, and South Asia, are between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Rich nations, in contrast, tend to be in temperate latitudes. AcemogluVs: This geographic concentration of poverty and prosperity gives a superficial appeal to the geography hypothesis, which is the starting point of the theories and views of many social scientists and pundits alike. But this doesn’t make it any less wrong. >Geographical Hypothesis/Motedquieu, >Geographical Hypothesis/Sachs. Inequalities/AcemogluVsSachs: World inequality, however, cannot be explained by climate or diseases, or any version of the geography hypothesis. Just think of Nogales. What separates the two parts is not climate, geography, or disease environment, but the U.S.-Mexico border. If the geography hypothesis cannot explain differences between the north and south of Nogales, or North and South Korea, or those between East and West Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall (...). Acemoglu I 50 (...) it is not true that the tropics have always been poorer than temperate latitudes. The Aztecs had both money and writing, and the Incas, even though they lacked both these two key technologies, recorded vast amounts of information on knotted ropes called quipus. In sharp contrast, at the time of the Aztecs and Incas, the north and south of the area inhabited by the Aztecs and Incas, which today includes the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Chile, were mostly inhabited by Stone Age civilizations lacking these technologies. Acemoglu I 51 Diseases: Tropical diseases obviously cause much suffering and high rates of infant mortality in Africa, but they are not the reason Africa is poor. Disease is largely a consequence of poverty and of governments being unable or unwilling to undertake the public health measures necessary to eradicate them. Agriculture: The other part of the geography hypothesis is that the tropics are poor because tropical agriculture is intrinsically unproductive. Tropical soils are thin and unable to maintain nutrients, the argument goes, and emphasizes how quickly these soils are eroded by torrential rains. AcemogluVs: The great inequality of the modern world that emerged in the nineteenth century was caused by the uneven dissemination of industrial technologies and manufacturing production. It was not caused by divergence in agricultural performance. >Inequlities/Acemoglu. |
Acemoglu II James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy Cambridge 2006 Acemoglu I James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Why nations fail. The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty New York 2012 |
| Geographical Factors | Sachs | Acemoglu I 48 Geographical factors/inequality/Sachs/Acemoglu/Robinson: The theory that hot countries are intrinsically poor, though contradicted by the recent rapid economic advance of countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Acemoglu I 49 Botswana, is still forcefully advocated by some, such as the economist Jeffrey Sachs. The modern version of this view emphasizes not the direct effects of climate on work effort or thought processes, but two additional arguments: first, that tropical diseases, particularly malaria, have very adverse consequences for health and therefore labor productivity; and second, that tropical soils do not allow for productive agriculture. The conclusion, though, is the same: temperate climates have a relative advantage over tropical and semitropical areas.(1) AcemogluVsSachs: >Geographical Factors/Acemoglu. 1. Sachs, Jeffery B. (2006). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: Penguin. |
EconSachs I Jeffrey Sachs Nouriel Roubini Political and economic determinants of budget deficits in the industrial democracies 1989 Acemoglu II James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy Cambridge 2006 Acemoglu I James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Why nations fail. The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty New York 2012 |
| Socialism | Sachs | Mause I 99f Socialism/transformation/Sachs: for the transformation of socialist societies after the turn of 1989, Jeffrey Sachs and David Lipton proposed a "shock therapy", i.e. a sudden introduction of market mechanisms and budgetary discipline.(1) This strategy was first drawn up for Poland, but was then applied in other countries as well. The background was the assumption that reform losers - dismissed workers, managers of state-owned companies and bureaucrats - would organize and resist ((s) change). This calculation was based on a political understanding that politicians conceived as entrepreneurs in a vote market, analogous to the benefit maximizing homo oeconomicus of neoclassical models in economics. >Neoclassical economics. VsSachs: these measures were only successful in the ethnically homogeneous countries, but failed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. In the Soviet Union, the initial democratic and market-economy reforms led to the mutual blocking of the president and the anti-reform parliament and to a deep crisis in public finances. >Soviet Union 1. Lipton, David, und Jeffrey Sachs, Creating a market economy in Eastern Europe: The case of Poland. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity1, 1990, p. 75– 147. |
EconSachs I Jeffrey Sachs Nouriel Roubini Political and economic determinants of budget deficits in the industrial democracies 1989 Mause I Karsten Mause Christian Müller Klaus Schubert, Politik und Wirtschaft: Ein integratives Kompendium Wiesbaden 2018 |
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