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The author or concept searched is found in the following 2 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Random Assignment | Economic Theories | Parisi I 37 Randomized assignment/Economic theories/Gelbach/Klick: One approach to solving the problem of dependence between ε and P is to assign policy levels to units randomly. (>Economic models/Gelbach/Klick.) This approach, common in studies involving the effects of medical and psychological interventions, is frequently used in empirical economics (...).The advantage of random assignment is that it directly imposes the mean independence of ε and P, so that τ may be regarded as the causal effect of the policy, at least within the particular population studied experimentally. For this reason, it is common in the empirical economics literature to consider randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the conceptual benchmark against which other study types are measured. Parisi I 38 Randomized controlled trials/problems: This is surely too strong a claim, as Heckman and Smith (1995)(3) and Deaton (2010)(4) have ably discussed, because RCTs do have potentially important drawbacks. One drawback is that not all questions are susceptible to study using RCTs. RCTs cannot measure what are sometimes called “general equilibrium effects,” that is, effects that a policy change has to behavior outside the study’s domain of impact. Problem/VsRandom assignment: (...) suppose we want to measure the effect of liberal discovery rules on civil litigation costs in the federal courts. It is possible to randomly assign non-standard discovery rules to civil actions once they are filed in federal court. But it is not feasible to randomly assign rules regimes to the parties to future disputes. Thus random assignment can be used to measure only some determinants of civil litigation costs; RCTs simply cannot measure the effects of discovery rules on primary behavior—that is, people’s and firms’ behavior in contract formation, care-taking, and other walks of life that determine whether disputes emerge in the first place.* *Certain aspects of the U.S. justice system involve what might be termed non-experimental randomization. For example, in their study of whether the quality of legal representation matters in criminal cases, David Abrams and Albert Yoon use the fact that Nevada's Clark County Public Defender offce randomly assigns attorneys to incoming felony cases. Abrams and Yoon (2007)(1) find that attorney performance varies substantially along multiple characteristics, suggesting that attorney characteristics matter, at least in the public defender context. See also Anwar, Bayer, and Hjalmarsson (2012)(2). 1. Abrams, David and Albert Yoon (2007). “The Luck of the Draw: Using Random Case Assignment to Investigate Attorney Ability.” University of Chicago Law Review 74(4): 1145–1177. 2. Anwar, Shamena, Patrick Bayer, and Randi Hjalmarsson (2012). “The Impact of Jury Race in Criminal Trials.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 127(2): 1017–1055. 3.Heckman, James J. and Jeffrey A. Smith (1995) 4. Deaton, Angus (2010). “Instruments, Randomization, and Learning about Development.” Journal of Economic Literature 48(2): 424–455. Gelbach, Jonah B. and Jonathan Klick „Empirical Law and Economics“. In: Parisi, Francesco (ed) (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics. Vol 1: Methodology and Concepts. NY: Oxford University Press. |
Parisi I Francesco Parisi (Ed) The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics: Volume 1: Methodology and Concepts New York 2017 |
| Technology | Rand | Morozov I 217 Technology/Ayn Rand/Morozov: Rand's name is rarely associated with the discussion of technology, but she wrote an essay dealing with technology: "The New Anti-Industrial Revolution".(1) Ayn Rand thesis: Restrictions from technology mean the attempt to regulate the unknown, to limit the unborn, to establish rules for the undiscovered. (2) Who knows, (...) how an active mind is stimulated by a piece of information, and what it can produce (with it).(3) Progress/Computer/Rand: Rand warned us that the "ecological crusade" would free us from our toothbrushes, and "computers programmed by a bunch of hippies" (Morozov: she actually wrote this - 1971!) would slow down human progress.(4) MorozovVsRand: According to this logic, societies should not restrict the use of biological weapons or asbestos, because we do not know what good could come of it. >Progress, >Society, >Discoveries, cf. >E. Morozov. 1. Ayn Rand, The Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution, Kindle ed. (New York: Plume, 1999). 2. ibid., Kindle location 4889– 4890. 3. ibid., Kindle location 4887– 4888. 4. ibid., Kindle location 4905. |
Rand I Ayn Rand Atlas Shrugged New York 1996 Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
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