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The author or concept searched is found in the following 3 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complexes/Complexity | Gould | III 140 Complex systems (e. g. sports teams) improve if their best performers play according to the same rules over a longer period of time. When a system improves, it reaches equilibrium and the range of variation decreases. III 183 Complexity/Gould: thesis: we will have to consider the complexity of the living and its historical development as a change in the entire system of variation. The apparent progress in the history of life comes about through falsification: presumably there is no average tendency to progress in the individual lines of descent at all. III 184 Development: in a system of straight-line movements limited on one side, random movement without favouring a direction inevitably causes the average position to move away from the point of origin on the wall. III 205 Complexity/Gould: thesis: the increase in complexity is not a real process. The findings as such cannot support such a theory, because in most habitats the simple forms are as prevalent today as they were in the past. (>Description levels). Complexity/GouldVsHuxley, Th. H.: the "achieved upper limit" is not a measure of a "higher degree of organization in general". III 245 Complexity/Gould: I would rather assume a slight natural overweight towards decreasing complexity in evolution. Arguments for higher complexity: there are alleged benefits in competition for resources (GouldVs). Why should it be more useful? Higher complexity can be combined with less flexibility. III 249 Definition complexity: complexity is the function of the number of its different parts and the irregularity of their arrangement, e.g. scrap yards, compost heaps. Opposite of complexity: opposite of complexity there is order, which is homogeneous and redundant, e. g. palisade fences. Complexity/evolution: e. g. there are different vertebrate sizes in vertebrates. There are two different trends: 1. the distance from the left edge (simpleness), or 2. the extension from the left edge, which is maintained. >Order. |
Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
| Order | Huxley | Gould I 250 Order/Th. H. Huxley/Gould: according to Th. H. Huxley, a living being without inner complexity proved that the organization of life was born from an indeterminate vital force, and not vice versa; "organization is the result of life, not vice versa the result of organization". >Complexity, >Simplicity, >Life. Gould I 248 Huxley discovered a gelatinous mass he called "Bathybius Haeckelii" (today identified as dead supporting structures of algae). Gould I 250 The predicted shapeless and structureless substance had been found. It stretched over time and space and covered the bottom of the mysterious oceans. GouldVsHuxley: but why should the formless be equated with the primitive? (These are progress-oriented metaphorics). Only a few organisms are equal to viruses in terms of regularity and recurrence. Simple bacteria have exactly defined forms. Gould I 251 Later, Bathybius was recognized as an artifact: it occurred whenever mud was preserved in a sample with alcohol. cf. >Life/Kauffman. |
HuxleyA I Aldous Huxley Science, Liberty and Peace London 1946 HuxleyTh I Thomas Henry Huxley Lectures On Evolution Whitefish, MT 2010 Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
| Social Darwinism | Huxley | Brocker I 21 Social Darwinism/Th. H. Huxley: thesis: the selfish and unsolidaristic conflict as a basic constant has shaped human togetherness from primeval times: "...and beyond the limited and temporary family relationships, Hobbes' war of all against all was the real state of existence"(1). >Th. Hobbes. KropotkinVsHuxley: this is a complete distortion of the real facts of nature(2). >P.A. Kropotkin. Altruism/animal kingdom/Kropotkin: thesis: on the basis of scientific research, he wanted to prove "the importance of mutual aid as a development factor"(3) also and especially for human existence. >Altruism, cf. >Anarchism, >Solidarity, >Animals, >Humans, >Society, >Community. 1. Huxley, Thomas H.: »Der Daseinskampf in der menschlichen Gesellschaft«, in: Peter Kropotkin, Gegenseitige Hilfe in der Tier- und Menschenwelt, Frankfurt/M./Berlin/Wien 1975, pp. 296-307. 2. Pjotr Alexejewitsch Kropotkin, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, London 1902. Dt.: Peter Kropotkin, Gegenseitige Hilfe in der Tier- und Menschenwelt. Mit einem Nachwort neu herausgegeben von Henning Ritter, Frankfurt/M./Berlin/Wien 1975. 3. ibid. p. 15. |
HuxleyA I Aldous Huxley Science, Liberty and Peace London 1946 HuxleyTh I Thomas Henry Huxley Lectures On Evolution Whitefish, MT 2010 Brocker I Manfred Brocker Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
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| Disputed term/author/ism | Author Vs Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Various Authors | Black Vs Various Authors | III 135 Lie/Creativity/George Steiner: Thesis: in lies, we can discover the "creativity of falsehood". (After Babel, NY, 1973, p 220). This was supposedly a "deep intuition of the Greeks". Steiner quotes Nietzsche approvingly: the lie, not the truth is divine. He seems to endorse the view according to which the "lie is a necessity of life". BlackVsSteiner: Bentham would have called that "nonsense on stilts". That is the academic version of humbug III 136 which says more than you can mean at all. ((s) Without changing the meaning of words). III 62 Knowledge/Black: this term is very difficult to grasp. III 63 The verb is used in many contexts like "knowing how" hunger feels, or how to drive a car, etc. Truth: E.g. "I know that it is Monday" implies truth. There is a logical connection between knowledge and truth. Science/Black: It cannot simply pursue truth. The truth must be accessible to us!. Science skepticism: E.g. J. Ravetz: Thesis: "the pursuit of truth as the goal of science is outdated". Truth is not just inappropriate here, but irrelevant. III 64 Ravetz: "... tomb stone of academic science ..." (Ravetz, Scientific knowlede and social problem, Oxford 1971, pp. 20, 21, 28). BlackVsRavetz: I see no difference between academic science and just science. With friends like Ravetz science does not need enemies like Roszak!. III 42 Def Rational/Rationality/K. Mannheim: (London 1940 p. 53): "substantial rationality": "intelligent behavior based on one’s own insight into the connections between events". Intelligence/BlackVsMannheim: is an obscure concept. Rationality/BlackVsMannheim: here we have the same problematic reference to the "own intelligence" as in Ginsberg. Rationality/Reason/Reasonableness/Black: thousands of authors have suggested ratings for this. This is reminiscent of the dictum of Peirce: "High priori" way/Terminology/Peirce: here you are invited to see things as self-evident that would precisely need a lot of argumentative support. III 117 Humbug/Black: E.g. Mary McCarthy about the writer Lillian Hellman: "Every word she writes is a lie, including the words"and" and "the". BlackVsMcCarthy: with that, Mary McCarty did not lie, because: III 118 she meant it, because she used the words that she wanted to use. III 128 E.g. Veblen/Theory of the gentlefolk: MenckenVsVeblen: Gibberish, humbug, would fit on a postage stamp, no need to fill a whole book with it. III 73 Science/T. H. Huxley: is nothing but a common sense which is more trained and better organized. Like an old veteran differs from a young recruit. III 74 The weapons are just sharper. BlackVsHuxley: that was plausible for the biology of his time. Today, it seems exaggerated, e.g. you cannot say that driving is a "more trained" manner of walking. |
Black I Max Black "Meaning and Intention: An Examination of Grice’s Views", New Literary History 4, (1972-1973), pp. 257-279 In Handlung, Kommunikation, Bedeutung, G. Meggle (Hg) Frankfurt/M 1979 Black II M. Black The Labyrinth of Language, New York/London 1978 German Edition: Sprache. Eine Einführung in die Linguistik München 1973 Black III M. Black The Prevalence of Humbug Ithaca/London 1983 Black IV Max Black "The Semantic Definition of Truth", Analysis 8 (1948) pp. 49-63 In Truth and Meaning, Paul Horwich Aldershot 1994 |
| Various Authors | Gould Vs Various Authors | I 250 GouldVsHuxley: but why should the formless be equated with the primitive? (Progressive metaphorics). Only a few organisms equate the regularity and recurrence of viruses. The simplest bacteria have precisely defined forms. II 154 Carl Sagen showed in a television show e.g. a Japanese crab wearing a portrait of a samurai warrior. He tells an incredible story of fishermen throwing back the crabs most resembling a face, and concluded on adaptation by natural selection. GouldVsSagan: the resemblance is certainly accidental. For example, fishermen can throw back starfish for millions of years without producing samurai images. |
Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
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