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The author or concept searched is found in the following 4 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generational Justice | Diamond | Mause I 278 Growth/Generational Justice/Diamond: in a growing economy, the problem of so-called dynamic inefficiency can arise: In an overlapping generation growth model, in which there is at all times an active generation, earning income from work and saving for old age, and a second generation, retired and dissolving savings, dynamic inefficiency exists when the marginal productivity of capital is lower than the growth rate of the population. (1) Then too much is saved overall and the capital stock per person is too large. Problem: dynamic inefficiency is accompanied by an unnecessarily high reduction in consumption. Solution: one could build an efficient pyramid system ("Ponzi scheme", snowball system) that works as long as the next generation is bigger. Snowball System: Such an efficient pyramid scheme is in principle also conceivable in a model with investments in human capital instead of population growth. (2) AbelVsDynamic Inefficiency/AbelVsDiamond: the dynamic inefficiency has been empirically questioned by Abel. (3) See also Generational Justice/Weizsäcker. 1. Peter A. Diamond, 1965. National debt in a neoclassical growth model. American Economic Review 55 (5): 1126– 1150. 2. Berthold U. Wigger. 2005. Public debt, human capital formation, and dynamic inefficiency. International Tax and Public Finance 12( 1): 47– 59. 3. Andrew B. Abel, N. Gregory Mankiw, Lawrence H. Summers, und Richard J. Zeckhauser. 1989. Assessing dynamic efficiency: Theory and evidence. Review of Economic Studies 56( 1): 1– 20. |
EconDiam I Peter A. Diamond National debt in a neoclassical growth mode 1965 Mause I Karsten Mause Christian Müller Klaus Schubert, Politik und Wirtschaft: Ein integratives Kompendium Wiesbaden 2018 |
| Geographical Factors | Diamond | Acemoglu I 51 Geographical Hypothesis/Jared Diamond/Acemoglu/Robinson: [An] influential version of the geography hypothesis is advanced by the ecologist and evolutionary biologist Jared Diamond. He argues that the origins of intercontinental inequality at the start of the modern period, five hundred years ago, rested in different historical endowments of plant and animal species, which subsequently influenced agricultural productivity. In some places, such as the Fertile Crescent in the modern Middle East, there were a large number of species that could be domesticated by humans. Elsewhere, such as the Americas, there were not. Having many species capable of being domesticated made it very attractive for societies to make the transition from a hunter-gatherer to a farming lifestyle. As a consequence, farming developed earlier in the Fertile Crescent than in the Americas. Population density grew, allowing specialization of labor, Acemoglu I 52 trade, urbanization, and political development. Crucially, in places where farming dominated, technological innovation took place much more rapidly than in other parts of the world. Thus, according to Diamond, the differential availability of animal and plant species created differential intensities of farming, which led to different paths of technological change and prosperity across different continents. >Geographical factors/Acemolgu. AcemogluVsDiamond, Jared: Though Diamond’s thesis is a powerful approach to the puzzle on which he focuses, it cannot be extended to explain modern world inequality. For example, Diamond argues that the Spanish were able to dominate the civilizations of the Americas because of their longer history of farming and consequent superior technology. But we now need to explain why the Mexicans and Peruvians inhabiting the former lands of the Aztecs and Incas are poor. Diamond’s thesis implies that once the Incas had been exposed to all the species and resulting technologies that they had not been able to develop themselves, they ought quickly to have attained the living standards of the Spanish. Yet nothing of the sort happened. On the contrary, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a much larger gap in incomes between Spain and Peru emerged. VsDiamond: Diamond’s thesis does not tell us why these crucial technologies are not diffusing (...). 1.Jared Diamond (1997). Guns, Germs and Steel New York: W.W. Norton and Co. |
EconDiam I Peter A. Diamond National debt in a neoclassical growth mode 1965 Acemoglu II James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy Cambridge 2006 Acemoglu I James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Why nations fail. The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty New York 2012 |
| Inequalities | Diamond | Acemoglu I 53 Inequalities/Diamond, Jared/Acemoglu/Robinson: Inequality in the modern world largely results from the uneven dissemination and adoption of technologies, and Diamond’s thesis does include important arguments about this. Geographical factors/Diamond, >Geographical factors/Acemoglu. For instance, he argues, following the historian William McNeill, that the east–west orientation of Eurasia enabled crops, animals, and innovations to spread from the Fertile Crescent into Western Europe, while the north–south orientation of the Americas accounts for why writing systems, which were created in Mexico, did not spread to the Andes or North America. AcemogluVsDiamond, Jared: Yet the orientation of continents cannot provide an explanation for today’s world inequality. >African countries/Acemoglu. Continental inequlities/AcemogluVsDiamond: It should also be clear that Diamond’s argument, which is about continental inequality, is not well equipped to explain variation within continents—an essential part of modern world inequality. For example, while the orientation of the Eurasian landmass might explain how England managed to benefit from the innovations of the Middle East without having to reinvent them, it doesn’t explain why the Industrial Revolution happened in England rather than, say, Moldova. In addition, as Diamond himself points out, China and India benefited greatly from very rich suites of animals and plants, and from the orientation of Eurasia. |
EconDiam I Peter A. Diamond National debt in a neoclassical growth mode 1965 Acemoglu II James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy Cambridge 2006 Acemoglu I James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Why nations fail. The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty New York 2012 |
| Sedentism | Diamond | Acemoglu I 141 Sendentism/Diamond, Jared/Acemolgu: The traditional, geography-based explanation for the Neolithic Revolution - the centerpiece of Jared Diamond’s argument, (...) - is that it was driven by the fortuitous availability of many plant and animal species that could easily be domesticated. This made farming and herding attractive and induced sedentary life. After societies became sedentary and started farming, they began to develop political hierarchy, religion, and significantly more complex institutions. AcemogluVsDiamond/RobinsonVsDiamond, Jared: Though widely accepted, the evidence from the Natufians (>Sedentism/Acemoglu) suggests that this traditional explanation puts the cart before the horse. Solution/Acemoglu/Robinson: Institutional changes occurred in societies quite a while before they made the transition to farming and were probably the cause both of the move to sedentarism, which reinforced the institutional changes, and subsequently of the Neolithic Revolution. |
EconDiam I Peter A. Diamond National debt in a neoclassical growth mode 1965 Acemoglu II James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy Cambridge 2006 Acemoglu I James A. Acemoglu James A. Robinson Why nations fail. The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty New York 2012 |
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