Find counter arguments by entering NameVs… or …VsName.
The author or concept searched is found in the following 3 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognition | Searle | I 225f SearleVsCognition: the brain is like a computer: that is not the question but is the mind like a program? No, it is not. But simulation is! The mind has an intrinsical mental content, therefore there is no program. A program is syntactically or formally defined; the mind has intrinsically spiritual content. It follows immediately from this that the program itself cannot constitute the mind. The formal syntax of the program does not guarantee the existence of spiritual content by itself. (>Chinese room), >Mental state/Searle. I 226 Def Strong artificial intelligence/Searle: the mind is like a program. >Strong Artificial Intelligence. Def Weak artificial intelligence: brain processes can be simulated with computers. >Artificial Intelligence. Def Cognitivism: the brain is like a computer. >Computation, >Information processing/Psychology. I 227 Def Strong Artificial Intelligence (AI): having a mind means having a program, and more is not on the mind. Def Weak AI: brain processes can be simulated using a computer. Def Cognitivism: cognitivism is the view that the brain is a digital computer. I 228 What about semantics? After all, programs are purely syntactic. Answer of the AI: the development of proof theory has shown that semantic relations can be reflected completely by the syntactic relations that exist between the propositions. And this is exactly what a computer does: it implements evidence theory! The content of syntactic objects, if any, is irrelevant to how they are processed. >Semantics, >Syntax, >Content, >Proof theory. I 229 Note in particular Turing's comparison of conscious program implementation by the human computer and unconscious program implementation by the brain or by a mechanical computer. Furthermore, note the idea that we might discover programs that we have put into our mechanical computers. (1) It is often suggested that some dualism is the only alternative to the view that the brain is a digital computer. (2) It is also assumed that the question of whether brain processes are computational is simply an empirical question. It is as much to be decided by investigation as the question of whether the heart is a pump or not. I 230 The question of whether the brain is actually a computer is, in her opinion, just as little a philosophical question as the question of chemical processes. Searle: for me, this is a mystery: what kind of fact that concerns the brain could make it a computer? It is assumed that somehow somebody must have done the basic philosophical work of linking mathematics with electrical engineering. But as far as I can see, this is not the case. There is little theoretical agreement on absolutely fundamental questions: what exactly is a digital computer? >Computer model, >computation. |
Searle I John R. Searle The Rediscovery of the Mind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1992 German Edition: Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes Frankfurt 1996 Searle II John R. Searle Intentionality. An essay in the philosophy of mind, Cambridge/MA 1983 German Edition: Intentionalität Frankfurt 1991 Searle III John R. Searle The Construction of Social Reality, New York 1995 German Edition: Die Konstruktion der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit Hamburg 1997 Searle IV John R. Searle Expression and Meaning. Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1979 German Edition: Ausdruck und Bedeutung Frankfurt 1982 Searle V John R. Searle Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1969 German Edition: Sprechakte Frankfurt 1983 Searle VII John R. Searle Behauptungen und Abweichungen In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle VIII John R. Searle Chomskys Revolution in der Linguistik In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle IX John R. Searle "Animal Minds", in: Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1994) pp. 206-219 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
| Cognitivism/ Noncognitivism | Searle | ((s) This entry is not about cognitivism in ethics). I 60ff Cognitive Science (computer model of the mind): the relation of the mind to the brain is like that of a program to the hardware. >Computer model. SearleVsCognition: is the brain like a computer? This not the question. The question is: is the mind like a program? No, it is not. Simulation is, however, possible. The mind has an intrinsical mental content and is therefore not a program. I 226 Church Thesis: simulation on a computer is possible if it is divisible into steps. Searle: if the mind were like weather there would be no problem. >">Simulation, >Church thesis. I 242 SearleVsCognitivism: syntax (or 0 and 1) has no causal powers (unlike e.g. viruses, photosynthesis, etc.). People follow rules consciously: that would be a causal explanation. The computer has no intentional causation. I 251/52 VsCognition: cognition has a much too high level of abstraction. The brain does not process information, but carries out chemical processes. Do not confuse the model with reality. >Information processing/Psychology. See also >cognitivism/ethics. |
Searle I John R. Searle The Rediscovery of the Mind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1992 German Edition: Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes Frankfurt 1996 Searle II John R. Searle Intentionality. An essay in the philosophy of mind, Cambridge/MA 1983 German Edition: Intentionalität Frankfurt 1991 Searle III John R. Searle The Construction of Social Reality, New York 1995 German Edition: Die Konstruktion der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit Hamburg 1997 Searle IV John R. Searle Expression and Meaning. Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1979 German Edition: Ausdruck und Bedeutung Frankfurt 1982 Searle V John R. Searle Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1969 German Edition: Sprechakte Frankfurt 1983 Searle VII John R. Searle Behauptungen und Abweichungen In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle VIII John R. Searle Chomskys Revolution in der Linguistik In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle IX John R. Searle "Animal Minds", in: Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1994) pp. 206-219 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
| Information | Searle | I 251/52 Information processing/cognition/VsCognition/SearleVsCognition/Searle: information has much too high a level of abstraction. The brain does not do any information processing, but chemical processes happen there. We should not confuse reality with a model. >Computer model, >Information processing/Psychology, >Computation, >Connectionism, >Model. |
Searle I John R. Searle The Rediscovery of the Mind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1992 German Edition: Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes Frankfurt 1996 Searle II John R. Searle Intentionality. An essay in the philosophy of mind, Cambridge/MA 1983 German Edition: Intentionalität Frankfurt 1991 Searle III John R. Searle The Construction of Social Reality, New York 1995 German Edition: Die Konstruktion der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit Hamburg 1997 Searle IV John R. Searle Expression and Meaning. Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1979 German Edition: Ausdruck und Bedeutung Frankfurt 1982 Searle V John R. Searle Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1969 German Edition: Sprechakte Frankfurt 1983 Searle VII John R. Searle Behauptungen und Abweichungen In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle VIII John R. Searle Chomskys Revolution in der Linguistik In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle IX John R. Searle "Animal Minds", in: Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1994) pp. 206-219 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
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| Disputed term/author/ism | Author Vs Author |
Entry |
Reference |
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| Cognition Theory | Searle Vs Cognition Theory | I 8 SearleVsCognition Psychology: Black Box, the cognitive scientists repeat the worst mistake of the behaviorists: they insisted to examine only objectively observable phenomena. So they left the essential characteristics of the mind aside. In the big black box they only found a lot of small black boxes. I 217 cognition theory: Here it is claimed, we would have drawn a conclusion, when we look at a tree from one and then know that he has a back. SearleVsCognition theory: On the contrary, what we do is simply this: we see a tree as a real tree. The background is not a control system. I 222 SearleVs Cognitive Science/VsCognition: the basic assumptions of cognitive science are wrong. Cognitive Science: neither the examination of the brain nor the study of consciousness is of interest or value. Although the cognitive mechanisms are actually in the brain, and some of them refer to the awareness a superficial expression, but we are interested in the intermediate level, where actual cognitive processes happen, which are inaccessible to the consciousness. These processes are not only factually special principle unconsciously. Typical representatives: Chomsky, Marr, Fodor. I 256 Explanation/SearleVsCognitivism: Thesis: many of our cognitive science explanations do not have the explanatory power, we attach to them. To save them, we will have to make a reversal of its logical structure: as it took place during the transition from pre-Darwin biology to the biology à la Darwin. I 256/257 The brain produces states of consciousness, and that is all. As for the mind, this is already the whole story. There are the blind neurophysiological processes and there is consciousness, otherwise however there is nothing. No rule-following, no mental information processing, no unconscious inferences, no mental models, no original drafts, no two and a half dimensional images, no language of the mind, and no universal grammar. |
Searle I John R. Searle The Rediscovery of the Mind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1992 German Edition: Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes Frankfurt 1996 Searle II John R. Searle Intentionality. An essay in the philosophy of mind, Cambridge/MA 1983 German Edition: Intentionalität Frankfurt 1991 Searle III John R. Searle The Construction of Social Reality, New York 1995 German Edition: Die Konstruktion der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit Hamburg 1997 Searle IV John R. Searle Expression and Meaning. Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1979 German Edition: Ausdruck und Bedeutung Frankfurt 1982 Searle V John R. Searle Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1969 German Edition: Sprechakte Frankfurt 1983 Searle VII John R. Searle Behauptungen und Abweichungen In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle VIII John R. Searle Chomskys Revolution in der Linguistik In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle IX John R. Searle "Animal Minds", in: Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1994) pp. 206-219 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
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