Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Sentences: sentences are linguistic forms for expressing existent or non-existent issues of conditions, wishes, questions or commands. Statements can be true or false, unlike other forms of sentences like questions or single words. See also subsentential, truth, statements._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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John Lyons on Sentences - Dictionary of Arguments
I 53 Utterance/Linguistics/Lyons: unequal sentence: the actual utterances cannot be completely described by a previous description of the possible sentences of a language. >Utterances/Lyons, >Utterances, cf. >Speaking, >Language use. Sentence/expression: the distinction between sentence and utterance is fundamental to modern linguistics. But we can first develop some basic concepts without them. I 54 In the next three chapters, "sentence" and "utterance" will still be used synonymously. Later: Sentence: Unit of langue Utterance: Manifestation of the parole. >Langue, >Parole/Saussure. I 176 Def derived sentence/Lyons: e.g. sentences with index words: Example "He will be here soon". There are distributional restrictions here ((s) because there must be an anaphoric chain). >Distribution, >Pronouns, >Indexicality, >Index Words. I 177 Incomplete sentence/Lyons: today: it is pointed out that incomplete statements are usually completely understandable and should therefore not be called "incomplete". Cf. >Propositional functions, >Subsententials. I 178 Completeness/Linguistics/Lyons: one must distinguish between contextual and grammatical completeness. Incomplete in context: Example "With Peters, if he arrives on time": before: "Which car do we use?". Grammatically incomplete: Example "Got the tickets?": Here it doesn't matter what tickets these are. I 179 Sentence/Lyons: distributional relationships often overlap the boundaries of utterance segments, which are normally regarded as separate sentences. But this is not a contradiction if we assume two meanings of "sentence": a) Sentence as a grammatical unit: is an abstract whole. In this sense, statements never consist of sentences. b) utterance segments as a sentence: e.g. "How are you? It's a fine day. Are you going to play tennis this afternoon?" >sentences/Bloomfield. Sentence/Lyons: Thesis: We should limit the term sentence to the more abstract sense, then sentences are units of langue, and utterances are units of parole. >parole/Saussure. I 183 Sentence/Phonology/Lyons: a sentence can be explained phonologically by speech melody (intonation) and pause in speech, respectively these are its phonological criteria. >Speaking._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Ly II John Lyons Semantics Cambridge, MA 1977 Lyons I John Lyons Introduction to Theoretical Lingustics, Cambridge/MA 1968 German Edition: Einführung in die moderne Linguistik München 1995 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-19