Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Grammar: Grammar is total domain of linguistic theory encompassing syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology. W.V.O. Quine distinguishes the grammar from the lexicon. L. Wittgenstein calls sentences about language grammatical sentences. See also meaning, lexicon, language._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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John Lyons on Grammar - Dictionary of Arguments
I 136 Grammar/Antiquity/Lyons: Greek: "Art of writing". Later: entire linguistics. Today: narrower: summarizes what was traditionally called "flexion" and "syntax". Flexion/Lyons: deals with the inner word structure Syntax/Lyons: deals with the way words combine into sentences. Grammar/Lyons: contains rules for linking words to sentences. Grammar/Modernity/Lyons: in contrast to traditional "content-related" grammar, is now often referred to as "formal". ((s) Group: Lyons pro formal grammar, partly VsChomsky). >Syntax. I 137 Intermediate position: some grammarians assume that there are non-linguistic categories that are independent of the random facts of existing languages. Jespersen: Thesis: There are universal grammatical categories (tradition). Example "Speech parts" (parts of the speech), "tense", "mode" etc.). (It is a question of whether they even exist). Formal grammar/Lyons: does not exclude that these universal grammatical categories do not exist. The structure of each language should be described individually. >Language, >Languages, >Everyday language. I 172 Grammar/Tradition/Lyons: Basic units: Word and phrase. Today: constituent grammar: subdivides finer. >Words, >Sentences, >Morphemes, >Phonemes. I 182 Formal grammar/Lyons: pro: one must not assume in advance that all languages have fixed forms for question, command, exclamation or assertion. Cf. >Speech acts, >Question, >Command, >Answer. "Universal Grammar"/Tradition/Lyons: was in fact based on the peculiarities of Latin and Greek. >Universal grammar, cf. >Transformational grammar, >Categorial grammar._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Ly II John Lyons Semantics Cambridge, MA 1977 Lyons I John Lyons Introduction to Theoretical Lingustics, Cambridge/MA 1968 German Edition: Einführung in die moderne Linguistik München 1995 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-19