Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Order, philosophy: order is the division of a subject area by distinctions or the highlighting of certain differences as opposed to other differences. The resulting order can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional, i.e. linear or spatial. Examples are family trees, lexicons, lists, alphabets. It may be that only an order makes certain characteristics visible, e.g. contour lines. Ordering spaces may be more than three-dimensional, e.g. in the attribution of temperatures to color-determined objects. See also conceptual space, hierarchies, distinctness, indistinguishability, stratification, identification, individuation, specification._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Hennig Genz on Order - Dictionary of Arguments
II 262 Order/Genz: when everything has decayed to dust, the remaining order of atoms and molecules is still "infinitely" much larger than the disassembled one. II 263 Definition micro-state/gas/Genz: a micro-state is the state of the entirety of molecules (location and speed of molecules). Different micro-states are compatible with the same macro-state. The larger the volume of a gas, the greater the number of possible micro-states. Order: therefore, a smaller gas volume is always in a more orderly state than a larger one. >Entropy. II 264 Order/temperature/Genz: analogous to this applies here: the higher the temperature, the greater the number of possible speeds of individual molecules. Definition Entropy/measure/disorder: entropy is the number of possible micro-states of a macroscopic object that are compatible with a given macro-state of that object. Problem: 1. the micro-states of quantum mechanical objects are quite different. 2. for counting the states, discrete values must then be assigned to the continuous variables. Since the number is very large, you do not use them yourself, but the number of digits that would require you to write them down. >Quantum mechanics. II 266ff Probability/micro-state/gas/Genz: it is so unlikely that all molecules will come together once in the left half of the container and leave the right half empty that it will not occur in world ages. This is a physical "never" or "always", not a mathematical one. >Probability. II 268 Explanation/general/Genz: general explanations do not refer to certain bodies. They say that all developments always lead from improbable to probable conditions. >Explanations. Impossibility/physical/Genz: unlike the mathematical impossibility: is the highest improbability. For example, it is impossible to set an initial state that would cause all molecules to assemble on the left side of the box because it is undetectably isolated in a continuum of states that have no such consequence. II 310 Order/realism/idealism/descartes/Leibniz/Spinoza/Genz: thesis: the "identity of ideal and real order of things" is based on a common ground of both. Descartes/Spinoza: this is the work of God as a creator of both the world and the cognitive mind. Leibniz: the pre-stabilized harmony. >G.W. Leibniz, >B. Spinoza. II 326 Order/disorder/entropy/Turing machine/Genz: it is an important question how entropy as a measure can be freed from the arbitrarily chosen size of the assumed fields in a Turing maschine. In fact, it is not only the location of the particles that is required to define entropy, but also the simultaneous indication of location and velocity in a phase space. However, the uncertainty ratio applies to both together. Solution: therefore, entropy can be traced back to the division of phase space into boxes with volumes as small as is compatible with the blur of location and velocity. >Uncertainty principle._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Gz I H. Genz Gedankenexperimente Weinheim 1999 Gz II Henning Genz Wie die Naturgesetze Wirklichkeit schaffen. Über Physik und Realität München 2002 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-19