Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Classification: Classification is the process of categorizing or organizing objects, ideas, or information based on shared characteristics or criteria. It helps to simplify and make sense of complex systems or data._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Michel Foucault on Classification - Dictionary of Arguments
I 279 Natural history: change between 1775 and 1795: the principle of classifications is not called into question. "Essential feature" Difference: Old view: for the systematics the representative elements were determined from the beginning. New: methodologists: for them, the representation only comes off almightily in the advancing confrontation. >Representation. 1. Hierarchy of features: some are absolutely constant and are missing in no genre or species. Others are less constant. With them a definition of families or orders is impossible. They are not essential. 2. Function of the features: functions are connected with the characteristics. Old view: the essence is fixed at the visible point. New: the feature is not created by a relationship of the visible to itself. 3. Concept of life: a relationship in the depth of the body that connects the organs to the surface. Classification: new: does no longer mean referring the visible to itself, but to a deeper cause. 4. Parallelism between classification and nomenclature is resolved by this fact. Thought image/Foucault: Relationship between the organization's space and that of the nomenclature: instead of covering one another, they will be perpendicular to each other. Similarity: presupposes the examination of the whole organization of the species. The name and genre, designation and classification, language and nature cease to intersect. The order of the words and the order of the beings are only found in an artificially defined line. Language: one begins to talk about things that stand in a space other than the words. Order/Classic: certain way of composition of elementary substances. (> Classification/Linné, Species/Linné). - - - Gould II 70 Classification/Gould: Historical changes of classifications are the fossilized signs of mental overthrows. Gould II 71 Classification/Foucault/Gould: Why group the poor, the unemployed, and the mentally ill together? Foucault argues that the birth of modern commercial societies has led to a new definition of cardinal sin, which must be made invisible by locking it away. That sin was inaction.(1) Gould II 72 Foucault: Thesis: The things that are left out of the taxonomies are just as important as those that are included. 1. M. Foucault,_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Foucault I M. Foucault Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines , Paris 1966 - The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, New York 1970 German Edition: Die Ordnung der Dinge. Eine Archäologie der Humanwissenschaften Frankfurt/M. 1994 Foucault II Michel Foucault l’Archéologie du savoir, Paris 1969 German Edition: Archäologie des Wissens Frankfurt/M. 1981 Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
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> Counter arguments against Foucault
> Counter arguments in relation to Classification
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-19