Philosophy Lexicon of Arguments | |||
| Method: a method is a procedure agreed on by participants of a discussion or research project. In the case of violations of a method, the comparability of the results is in particular questioned, since these no longer come from a set with uniformly defined properties of the elements. | |||
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Gould I 189 Darwin took the view that the fossil finds were extremely incomplete. The history of most fossil species includes two characteristics which are especially difficult to reconcile with the theory of gradual change. I 190 1) Stasis: Most species show little change in one or another direction during their presence on Earth. 2) Sudden Appearance: In all spheres of life, species do not appear on the basis of incessant changes in their predecessors, but suddenly and "fully developed". --- Mayr V 160 How-Questions/Mayr: immediate function led to the discovery of most natural laws. Why-Questions/Darwin/Mayr: historical, evolutionary, indirect. Why-questions were only scientifically legitimized by Darwin. He thus introduced the entire natural history into science. As shown in Fig. Dennett I 293 "Why"-Questions/Dennett: Need to be asked. Darwin showed us how to answer them. (>Purpose, cause). Dennett I 421 Extrapolation/DennettVsGould: the extrapolationism is not represented as foolishly "pure" as Gould assumes. It was also represented by Darwin himself, but he was eager to distinguish himself from those kinds of catastrophic theories that were in the way of the theory of evolution e.g. flood, Bible. |
Ma E. Mayr Das ist Biologie Heidelberg 1998 Den I D. Dennett Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Den II D. Dennett Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2017-05-30