Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Time: A. Time is a dimension in which events are arranged. At first, no direction (before / after) is defined with this. A time direction can be obtained in the context of the Second Principle of Thermodynamics. However, a global framework must be assumed, within which there is an increase of entropy. The assumption of increasing entropy does not apply to the comparison of local events. B. In the case of the subjective time, the question of direction is less problematic. The perceived time direction is expressed by the learned use of the terms "before" and "after". See also time arrow, time travel, time reversal, symmetry, duration, space time, relativity theory, four-dimensionalism, world lines._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Niklas Luhmann on Time - Dictionary of Arguments
AU Cass 9 Time/Luhmann: Problem: Time must also be observed. - ((s) It then exists only in the isolated events of observation/distinction.) >Observation/Luhmann, >Event/Luhmann. Environment is always simultaneous. Therefore, we cannot react to it. >Environment/Talcott Parsons. Alfred Schütz (1932)(1): no one ages faster. Luhmann: Everything that happens, happens simultaneously. Therefore, we can do nothing. The system can only treat its own recursion, not the environment. >Recursion. Problem of synchronization: always requires intervention in no longer changeable, past and still insecure, indeterminate future. >Future. This involves control ideas and causal ideas. 1. Schütz, Alfred (1932). Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt. Eine Einleitung in die verstehende Soziologie. Wien: Springer. AU Cass 9 Time/observation/Luhmann: Observing is the operation of differentiation. Question: who differentiates? Tradition: the distinction results in the categories past, present, future. These categories make time look like a stretch. >Past, >Present, >Future, >Time. AU Cass 9 Time/simultaneity/Luhmann: when I say everything that happens, happens simultaneously, I say basically nothing at all about time. Antonym: asynchrony. But that does not say anything about it. It is all about observation as a distinction. Punch line: Future and past occur always at the same time. ((s) In the distinction.) Asymmetry: only one side of the distinction may be needed. >Asymmetry. AU Cass 9 Time/Luhmann: with the "before"/"after" one can renounce the idea of movement. - Also the attribution of causality. Causality/Luhmann: But the distinction "before"/"after" must precede considerations for causality. Other distinction: future/past. Past: Husserl's horizon: before the "before" there was a different "before" etc. >Horizon/Husserl. Luhmann: Future is then a horizon that can be filled by a series of "afterwards". --- AU Cass 10 Time/Luhmann: movement is not enough for their definition, because the time is not moving past us. - This saw Aristotle already. Motion/Hegel/Aristotle: motion is what being differentiates from non-being. >Motion/Aristotle, >Change/Aristotle._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
AU I N. Luhmann Introduction to Systems Theory, Lectures Universität Bielefeld 1991/1992 German Edition: Einführung in die Systemtheorie Heidelberg 1992 Lu I N. Luhmann Die Kunst der Gesellschaft Frankfurt 1997 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-16