Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Evolution: Evolution is the process by which populations of living organisms change over generations. It is driven by natural selection, which is the process by which organisms with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this can lead to the emergence of new species. See also Selection, Mutation, Species, Survival, Fitness, Darwinism._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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R. Nozick on Evolution - Dictionary of Arguments
II 334 ff Rationality/Evolution Theory: does not explain why physical state r causes movement b - (if R is the corresponding rational reason and B the rational action). >Causal explanation, >Actions, >Rationality, cf. >Anomalous monism. Nozick: if R is not a rational reason there would be no organism that would be selected for it. - ((s) Because irrational organisms are not selected, one could not recognize rational behavior particularly and describe it. >Reasons, >Reason/cause. II 338 Nozick: nevertheless: if r would not be rational, the organism would not have been selected - "downward causation". - So after all: rationality in the world. II 342 Theory of evolution/Nozick: seems to eliminate values and evaluative facts. >Values, >Ethics, >Morals. Even if action is related to belief, it is not in connection with judgmental facts. >Beliefs, >Facts. III 343 instead, "invisible hand, blind mechanism" - Ethical behavior could be inherit - "Punchline: that does not undermine the role of ethical facts. - Explanation: individual behavior is not - "explained blind" - solution: in addition one needs truth for explanation. >Truth, >Explanation. II 348 Moral belief must ultimately be in connection with its truth. - But that does not show that from a successful explanation of the invisible hand (blind explanation) could not follow that there may be no connection with accuracy. >Correctness._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-18