Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Dependence: this is about the question whether statements, phenomena, beliefs, attitudes, and actions are influenced causally or otherwise by other statements, beliefs, events, actions etc. and whether this influence is indispensable for their realization. See also counterfactuals, absoluteness._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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P. Simons on Dependence - Dictionary of Arguments
I 293 Dependency/Simons: dependency is always in relation to something, e.g. logical: proposition A cannot be true without proposition B being true, e.g. functional: gas pressure, volume or temperature are functional, e.g. ontological: this whiteness of this paper. >Propositions, >Truth. I 294 Def general function/logical form/Simons: a depends as F in respect to G of b iff a cannot be F without b being G. Easier: necessary: if a is an F, then b is a G. I 294 Ontological Dependency/Simons: ontological dependency exists between objects (unlike other dependencies). It is a must de re, e.g. like an essential part. >de re, >Essence, cf. >de dicto. I 296 Ontological Dependency/Simons: e.g. the largest satellite of Jupiter cannot exist if Jupiter does not exist. However: it is wrong to say that Ganymede could not exist without Jupiter. Solution: let us assume a scope. Against: the dependence Ganymede's of Jupiter is instead a conceptual dependence. It could not be described as a moon of Jupiter if Jupiter did not exist. Conceptual: e.g. there is no husband without a wife. I 296 Def weak, rigid dependency/Simons/(s): y is not necessary, but if x exists, then it is ((s) that is not superimposed by self-dependency.) I 297 Generically Dependent/generic function/Simons: e.g. humans cannot exist without carbon atoms but it does not matter which carbon atoms are part of the human. I 300 Def rigid dependency/Simons: e.g. a smile is not only dependent on one face, but from his/her face. Conceptual rigid dependence: e.g. the species: twin, fiancee, partner, riverside > Independence/Simons. I 302 Dependency/strongest form/Simons: the strongest form of dependency is that of an object that is an essential part of another. I 303 Def strong rigid dependency/Simons: strong rigid dependency excludes cases where objects have significant parts as cases of dependency. An object is dependent, if it requires the existence of something that is not part of it. E.g. a heartbeat is not part of the organism - similar to Husserl's foundation: if an "a" can only exist in a broader unit, which connects it with a Âμ. Def moment/Simons: if "b" consolidates "a" or vice versa, "a" is a moment of "b". I 305 Def accident/Simons: a moment which is always dependent on its foundation is an accident. I 306 Def substrate: the substrate is then the basis for an accident, e.g. at events: "is not part ..." or at continuants: "is never part...". Accident/Simons: e.g. a smile is an accident of the face, or e.g. a headache, or e.g. a thought is an accident of its bearer, e.g. the instantiation of a quality of an object is an accident of the object(!) that it qualifies ((s) so it is not accident of the property). E.g. relational accident: weddings, or e.g. football matches. I 309 Dependency/Simons: accident: an accident excludes, i.e. the dependency of predecessors. Moment: the moment is the one of necessary essences and essential parts. Human: a human could be an accident of the universe at the most. Vs: then the universe would be necessary, then it would be more a description than a name. Solution: the dependence of the human on the environment is generic and not rigid. Human: a human could be an accident at most, because of certain processes in his/her inner side. Substance: substance must not be, in this sense, "absolutely independent". Solution: everything from which the substance is modally and temporally, rigidly dependent, is a part of it, that means it is a weak self-contained unit._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Simons I P. Simons Parts. A Study in Ontology Oxford New York 1987 |
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> Counter arguments against Simons
> Counter arguments in relation to Dependence
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-19