Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Life: Life is the state of being characterized by growth, metabolism, homeostasis, adaptation, reproduction, and response to stimuli. Living organisms are made up of cells, which are the basic units of life._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Michael Tooley on Life - Dictionary of Arguments
Singer I 81 Life/Tooley/Peter Singer: (M. Tooley, Abortion and Infanticide in The Problem of Abortion, Belmont, 1973, p. 60): Tooley thesis: only beings who understand themselves as complete entities that exist in time, have a right to life. P. Singer: this corresponds to the concept of person as I take it from Locke. >Person/P. Singer, >Person/Locke. Tooley/P. Singer: his argument is based on the assumption that there is a conceptual connection between the desires that a being is capable of and the rights that can be attributed to it. For example, Tooley: if someone does not care if I take his car, I do not violate the law by doing it. I 82 Law/Life/Tooley/P. Singer: I simplify Tooley, but the point is this: only people have the right to life, because only people are able to experience themselves as independent entities in the future. Tooley: (later, in his book Abortion and Infanticide, Oxford, 1983): Modification of the argument: an individual has only the right to live if it is able to have the desire to live in an instant, e. g. now, to live on. P. SingerVsTooley: Problem: this would also apply to newborns. Solution: we could retroactively attribute thoughts or interests to them. TooleyVsVs: Tooley does not allow retrospective attribution of interests. I am not the child I grew up from. I cannot even remember. When life is now ended, this living being has never developed the notion of a continuing life. >Endurantism/Perdurantism. I 83 P. Singer pro Tooley: Tooley avoids problems with lost consciousness here when he assumes that the living being must have had the concept of continuous life at some point. The law does not therefore end at the moment when I interrupt my thinking about the problem or sleep. >Consciousness. 1. M. Tooley, Abortion and Infanticide in The Problem of Abortion, Belmont, 1973, p. 60._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Tooley I M. Tooley Time, Tense, And Causation Oxford 2000 SingerP I Peter Singer Practical Ethics (Third Edition) Cambridge 2011 SingerP II P. Singer The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically. New Haven 2015 |
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