Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Freedom: Freedom is the ability to live one's life without constraints, according to one's own values and beliefs. See also Liberty, Community, State, Governance, Society, Individuals, Democracy.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Max Horkheimer on Freedom - Dictionary of Arguments

Habermas III 470
Freedom/Horkheimer/Habermas: Horkheimer puts forward a thesis on the loss of freedom: the control of behaviour tends to pass from the conscience instance of the socialized individual to the planning instance of social organizations.
>Planning
, >Institutions, >Society.
Habermas III 471
Expressed in psychoanalytical terms: the subjects need less and less to orient themselves towards their superego and have to adapt more and more to the imperatives of their environment.
>Environment.
Riesman/Habermas: this theory was later adopted by David Riesman and interpreted as a reversal of polarity from the "internally guided" to an "externally guided" way of life, which also trivialized it. (1)
>Ethics, >Morals.

1. D. Riesman, Die einsame Masse, Darmstadt 1956.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Ha I
J. Habermas
Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne Frankfurt 1988

Ha III
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. I Frankfurt/M. 1981

Ha IV
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. II Frankfurt/M. 1981


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