Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Causality: causality is the relation between two (separate) entities, whereby a state change of the one entity causes the state of the other entity to change. Nowadays it is assumed that an energy transfer is crucial for talking about a causal link. D. Hume was the first to consistently deny the observability of cause and effect. (David Hume Eine Untersuchung über den menschlichen Verstand, Hamburg, 1993, p. 95). _____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Gerhard Schurz on Causality - Dictionary of Arguments
I 150 Causality/Philosophy/Schurz: It is a deep question in philosophy of science whether and to what extent causal relations can be traced back to empirically testable relations such as statistical relations. Fake causality/sham dependence/statistics/Schurz: solution randomized experiments. Detection of spurious causality modulo random errors. 1. a sample is randomly divided into two samples and 2. then factor A is imposed on one (experimental) group by external intervention, but not on the control group; it could be realized here only once by chance. Then the conditional frequencies of B in the two groups are compared. All remaining factors which do not belong to the causal effect of A are now statistically equally distributed in the experimental group and control group modulo random errors, because the distribution was random. I 151 Statistical survey: on the other hand, cannot show that modulo random error leads to a causal relationship from A to B. intervening (hidden) variables: can only be excluded by background assumptions. >Covariance, >Correlation, >Review._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Schu I G. Schurz Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie Darmstadt 2006 |
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