Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Holism: Holism is the assumption that the elements or the subject domain of a theory are accessible only with simultaneous availability of all elements or objects of this domain. It is also assumed that a change to an element does not exclude changes to all other elements at least. The statement "everything is connected with everything" is however a wrong characterization of the holism, since it is logically erroneous. _____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Gerhard Schurz on Holism - Dictionary of Arguments
I 190 Verification holism/Holism/Schurz: deduction-logical background: if the set of premises (H1...Hn) logically implies the prediction P, then (per modus tollens) the negation of the prediction, ~P implies the negation of the conjunction of all premises, i.e. ~(H1,...Hn). The latter is logically equivalent to the disjunction of all negated premises, i.e. ~H1 v ...v ~Hn i.e. at least one of the premises Hi is false. ((s) "i" instead of "n", because n would be merely the last hypothesis). Theory net/Schurz: consists of different theory associations. There are at least 3 kinds of relations between the theory elements of a theory net: 1. through the relation of specialization: hierarchical theory associations are formed 2. the relation of the Vortheoretizität: can exist both within and between theory federations. These two relations connect only theoretically homogeneous theory elements with each other. Terms that are identical in expression are identified with each other. Elements connected in this way can never compete. Anders: 3. between different theory associations there are intertheoretical cross connections: (a) simplest case: again identity connections. I 191 Ex electrostatic force within a mechanical model. b) Bridging principles: Ex between phenomenological thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, according to which temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of molecules. c) approximate theory reduction. Ex Newtonian mechanics Relativity. >Theories, >Relativity theory, >Bridge laws, >Laws of nature, >Laws._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Schu I G. Schurz Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie Darmstadt 2006 |
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