Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Comparisons, philosophy: here, we are concerned with the conditions under which it is possible to make comparisons. Objects which do not share any properties are not comparable. A comparison always refers to a singled out property among several properties embodied by more than one object. The prerequisite for comparisons is a consistency of language usage. See also analogies, description levels, steps, identification, identity, change, meaning change, ceteris paribus, experiments, observation.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Michel Foucault on Comparisons - Dictionary of Arguments

II, 224ff
Comparisons/Foucault:
Archeology: works with a variety of registers. Always in the plural, runs through spaces and distances. Not the same calendar.
Comparison: a comparison is always limited and regional. It does not make any general forms appear.
Cf. >Similarity
, >Comparability, >Generality, >Form.
False: it would be utterly wrong to say that in the various fields of the attribution of the classification of the designation and derivation, the whole taxi could be found shaped alike only in geometry, mechanics, physiology, or biblical criticism. Then I would not have described an area of interpositivity, but the spirit or the science of an epoch which I just did not want.
Relationships/Foucault: the relationships that I have described apply to define a particular configuration. There are no signs to describe the face of a culture in its totality. It is not about description of an ideology: what the gap is there, forgetting, error, is for me conscious and methodological exclusion.
Commonality: it is not about commonalities. In the determination of analogies are five different tasks:

1. to show how completely different discursive elements can be formed from analogous rules.

2. to what extent these rules are applied in the same way or do not. (To define the archaeological model of each formation).

3. to show how completely different terms (e.g. value, specific feature, price, or generic feature) occupy an analogous position in the branching of their system.

4. to show how the same term can cover archaeological different elements (the concepts of origin and evolution).

5. Subordination or complementarity relations from one positivity to another.

Commonality: nothing in all these descriptions is based on the determination of influences, exchange, transmitted information and communication. Behind positivity is not an opera of neighboring disciplines. It is the law of their communications. ((s) after all: exchange of information).
Archeology: also reveals the relationships between discursive information and non-discursive areas (institutions, political events, economic practices and processes). But it is not about cultural continuities. Also not about causal analysis (how political changes influenced the consciousness).
Archeology: search for formal analogies and transmissions of meaning e.g. it is not how political practice has determined the meaning of medical discourse, but how and in what capacity it belongs to the conditions of its emergence, and its functioning. Political practice has not, of course, imposed new objects on medicine, but has opened up new fields of marking for the objects.
>Order, >Analogies.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Foucault I
M. Foucault
Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines , Paris 1966 - The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, New York 1970
German Edition:
Die Ordnung der Dinge. Eine Archäologie der Humanwissenschaften Frankfurt/M. 1994

Foucault II
Michel Foucault
l’Archéologie du savoir, Paris 1969
German Edition:
Archäologie des Wissens Frankfurt/M. 1981


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