Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Behavior: Observable changes in the describable state of living organisms that are initiated by these organisms themselves or that represent a reaction to external stimuli where there is a certain choice of reaction. Accompanying thoughts are not part of behavior, as otherwise an arbitrary extension of the frame of reference would make it impossible to determine behavior. See also Actions, Behaviorism, Mentalism, Naturalism, Observation, Method, Frame theories.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Richard Dawkins on Behavior - Dictionary of Arguments

I 92
Genes have made animals active risk-taking vehicle.
Behavior/genes/Dawkins: (Behavior in this chapter is physical behavior) Genuine protection of the genes is only possible if the time of muscle contraction is somehow coordinated with the outside world.
I 95
As an intermediary, the genes first had to invent the brain.
I 96
Behavior/intention/machine/Dawkins: It is not difficult to speak of machines that behave as if they had an intention. We can leave the question open.
>Intentions
, >Robots, >Artificial intelligence, >Artificial consciousness.
Basically, the principles of unconscious purposeful behavior are basic skills of engineering. E.g. steam engine. Negative feedback.
I 98
It is a fallacy that machines that were originally built by humans would have to be controlled by them. Similar fallacy, for example, that computers do not really play chess, because they "merely do what the operator tells them". But they must be able to play themselves, because there are more chess games than atoms in our galaxy.
>Chess.
I 111
Behavior/brain/gene/Dawkins: The brain even gives the survival machine the power to rebel against the dictation of the genes and, for example, to refuse to have many children.
>Brain, >Brain/brain states.
I 116
Behavior/communication/Dawkins: We can say that one survival machine is communicating with another when it affects their behavior or the condition of their nervous system. ((s) MaturanaVs: the central nervous system (CNS) cannot, for example, be influenced by anything from outside).
Behavior: e.g. mole crickets sing in a hole in the earth, which amplifies their voice.
I 152
Population/behavior/Dawkins: It may appear as if a population acted like a self-regulating unit. But that is a deception: it is aroused by a selection that takes place at the level of the individual gene.
>Selection.
I 153
Egoistic gene/Dawkins: The gene distributes its loyalty to different bodies.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Da I
R. Dawkins
The Selfish Gene, Oxford 1976
German Edition:
Das egoistische Gen, Hamburg 1996

Da II
M. St. Dawkins
Through Our Eyes Only? The Search for Animal Consciousness, Oxford/New York/Heidelberg 1993
German Edition:
Die Entdeckung des tierischen Bewusstseins Hamburg 1993


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