Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Property: what can be ascribed to an object in order to distinguish it from other objects. In philosophy, there is debate about whether properties exist or whether "bare particulars" exist. Expressions for properties are predicates. Not every predicate will refer to a property. See also quantification over properties, 2nd order logic, HOL, completeness.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Richard Dawkins on Properties - Dictionary of Arguments

I 149/150
Characteristics/minority/majority/Selection/Dawkins: E.g. Consider English and German rowers who do not rank significantly better or worse according to nationality. However, they coordinate themselves purely based on language, without the coach being aware of this.
The coach moves people from boat to boat based on success points.
Now, if by chance the English rowers prevailed in the stronger boat, every German who entered such a boat is likely to make it lose.
Evolutionary stable are purely German or purely English teams (because of the linguistic coordination).
Conclusion: any candidate who (in this case) belongs to a minority is punished, because he belongs to the minority, not because of his qualities. (Reason: ability to communicate).
E.g. This works the other way around when it comes to right- and left-handers, and the coach is not aware of this fact and is sorts by "success of a whole boat": a single left-hander in a majority of right-handers will help every boat to victory. (This is not about coordination!)
I 151
In the long run, the "blind selection" will form an ideal boat of 4 right- and 4 left-handers!
Analogy to the genes/Dawkins: "good" genes are selected by blind selection. This is not a theory, nor an observed fact, but simply a tautology!


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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Da I
R. Dawkins
The Selfish Gene, Oxford 1976
German Edition:
Das egoistische Gen, Hamburg 1996

Da II
M. St. Dawkins
Through Our Eyes Only? The Search for Animal Consciousness, Oxford/New York/Heidelberg 1993
German Edition:
Die Entdeckung des tierischen Bewusstseins Hamburg 1993


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