Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Evidence: proof of the existence and the behavior of objects or of the truth of statements. Evidence can be direct or indirect. See also theories, facts._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Charles Darwin on Evidence - Dictionary of Arguments
Gould I 189 Evidence/Darwin/Gould: Darwin represented the view that the fossil finds were extremely incomplete. The history of most fossil species includes two characteristics that are particularly difficult to reconcile with the theory of gradual change. I 191 With the "sympatric" speciation, new forms appear within the distribution area of the previous form. The situation is different on the periphery: isolated small populations here are much more exposed to selection pressure because the periphery marks the limit of the ecological tolerance of the previous living beings. Question: What should fossil finds contain if the majority of evolution takes place in small marginalized groups? I 210 Evidence/Method/Gould: Events which, according to traditional wisdom, cannot "occur" are rarely recognized on the basis of collected evidence, they require a mechanism for their explanation after they can occur. The empirical evidence of that time seems plausible to us today, at that time there were not, because no acceptable force could be named, which would have been able to move ((s) e.g.) whole continents. >Method, >Evolution, >Justification, >Confirmation. Gould IV 33 Evidence/Darwin/Gould: Darwin wrote "The Descent of Man" in 1871(1), at that time there were no fossils, except for the Neanderthal man who is a race of our own kind, neither an ancestor nor a missing link. Gould IV 35 Explanation/evidence/Science/Darwin/Gould: how do we know that evolution controls the world and not any other principle? Darwin's answer was paradoxical. He was not looking for perfection, but for inconsistencies! There are structures and behaviours that endanger the meaningful form of an organism, but ultimately ensure its success. They increase productive efficiency. For example, the tail feathers of the peacocks and the antlers of the moose. They even weaken the species, but still secure the transmission of the genes. This can only be explained by Darwin: in addition to adaptation: sexual selection. IV 36 Sexual selection: competition of the males among each other or election by the females. Thus, the struggle for existence of the individuals drives evolution! It must be exceptionally effective, it is often capable of overcoming other equipment benefits and developments. 1. Ch. Darwin, The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. John Murray, London 1871._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
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