Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Cognition: cognition means processing of information by a human, animal or artificial system. Since information flows through all perceptual organs, uniform processing is to be assumed only on the lowest level of symbols. Examples of cognition are perception, learning, speech recognition, problem solving. Cognitions can run unconsciously.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

David Chalmers on Cognition - Dictionary of Arguments

I 111
Cognition/explanation/consciousness/cognitive models/Chalmers: Cognitive models are very good when it comes to explaining things like learning and behavior, but not in the explanation of conscious experience.
>Consciousness/Chalmers
, >Learning, >Experiencing.
In all that is cognitively explained, the question remains why it is accompanied by something like consciousness.
I 112
Cognitive models can certainly cover the psychological side of consciousness (behavior explaining, learning, information processing), but not the phenomenal side of conscious experience.
I 113
Consciousness/Cognition/Dennett/Chalmers: Dennett (1978c) (1) brings a cognitive model of consciousness consisting of the perception module, short-term memory, memory,...
I 114
...control unit and module for "public relations": for implementation in everyday language.
ChalmersVsDennett: that shows us something about information processing and the possibility to report about it, but not why there should be a way for such a model "how it is" to be this model.
>Knowledge how.
Later, Dennett introduced a more elaborate model (Dennett, Consciousness Explained, 1991) without a central "headquarter".
>Awareness/Chalmers.
ChalmersVsDennett: this also brings a possible explanation of attention, but not a better explanation of conscious experience.
Consciousness/DennettVsNagel/DennettVsChalmers: thesis: what he shows is still everything it needs to explain consciousness. As soon as one has explained the different functions, one has explained everything (Dennett, 1993a (2), p.210) and Chalmers I 370.
Cognitive Models/Chalmers: There are also models by Churchland, (1995)(3), Johnson-Laird (1988)(4), Shallice (1972 (5), 1988a, 1988b). ChalmersVs: to all applies my criticism VsDennett from above.
I 172
Cognition/Chalmers: it is wrong to assume that it is separate from consciousness, even if it belongs to another sphere (the physical). For example, one has a (physical) perception of something green which is psychologically individualized. On the other hand, we also have perceptions about our consciousness.
I 218
Cognition/consciousness/psychology/Chalmers: the coherence between conscious experience and cognitive structures is remarkable. We can recognize principles:
Principles: 1. Reliability principle: Our judgments of the second level about consciousness are generally correct.
I 219
If I judge that I hear something, then I usually hear something.
2. The principle of deducibility (reversed reliability principle): although many experiences often escape us, we usually have the ability to notice them.
I 222/223
3. Principle of structural coherence: conscious phenomenal experiences are always accompanied by (appropriately characterized) psychological consciousness.
I 223
E.g. Structural features of the facial field are reflected in our experiences of larger and smaller, brighter, darker, etc. objects, and also in our reactions to them. This also applies to implicit structures such as relations between colors.
Cf. >Cognitive Psychology.


1. D. Dennett, Toward a cognitive theory of consciousness. In: D. Dennett, Brainsorms, Cabridge 1978.
2. D. Dennett, Back from the drawing board. In: B. Dahlbom (Ed) Dennett and His Critics, Oxford 1993.
3. P. M. Churchland, The Engine of Reason, the Seat of the Soul: A Philosophical Journey into the Brain. Cambridge 1995.
4. P. Johnson-Laird, A computational analysis of consciousness. Cognition and Brain Theory 6, 1983: pp. 499-508
5. T. Shallice, Dual funtions of consciousness. Psychological Review 79, 1972: pp. 383-93; Information-precessing models of consciousness: Possibilities and problems. In: A. Marcel and E. Bisach (Eds) Consciousness in Contemporary Science, Oxford 1988.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Cha I
D. Chalmers
The Conscious Mind Oxford New York 1996

Cha II
D. Chalmers
Constructing the World Oxford 2014


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