Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Learning: learning is acquiring the ability to establish relationships between signs, symptoms or symbols and objects. This also includes e.g. recognition and recollection of patterns, similarities, sensory perceptions, self-perception, etc. In the ideal case, the ability to apply generalizations to future cases is acquired while learning. See also knowledge, knowledge-how, competence._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Humberto Maturana on Learning - Dictionary of Arguments
I 63 Learning/Maturana: historical transformation of an organism through experience. - It serves the basal circularity >Recursion. New behavior evolves. - For an observer, behavior by incorporating a representation seems justified that modifies behavior by memory. >Memory, >Behavior, >Observation. But the system operates in the present - advantageousness can only be determined a posteriori. >Systems. I 70 Allowes purely consensual (cultural) evolution without evolution of the nervous system. >Nervous system. I 73 Learning/Maturana: behavioral change must be accompanied by other changes. >Change. I 74 Not accumulation of representations but continuous transformation of behavior. >Representation. I 119 Learning/instinctive behavior/Maturana. initially indistinguishable, because they are determined in the concrete realization by the structures of the nervous system - Learning: acquired ontogenetically - instinct: acquired evolutionary. I 119 Learning/Maturana: does not change the structure. - Acquisition of representations: only metaphorically (it would presuppose an instructive system). - A learning system has no trivial experiences (interactions), because all interactions lead to structural changes. I 280 Learning/Maturana: described in brackets: pure epigenetic process (development of the individual) - no directed process of adaptation to a reality. >Adaption, >Reality, >Objectivity/Maturana._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Maturana I Umberto Maturana Biologie der Realität Frankfurt 2000 |
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