Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Forms of thinking: Here we are concerned with typical patterns according to which problems are explained, such as the image of communicating tubes, which is supposed to explain why we are not equally qualified in all fields, or the introduction of different levels of description in order to justify why certain phenomena are independent of each other. It is always the question whether these patterns are suitable for an explanation in a particular case. See also theories, explanations.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Nelson Goodman on Forms of Thinking - Dictionary of Arguments

II 33 ff
Definition: one counter-example is enough.
Examples:
Everything in my pocket is made of silver.
No President of the United States in the 20th century will be between 185-186 cm tall.
II 37 f
A few confirmations are enough for a refutation:
All five-mark pieces are made of silver.
All plants, originating from this seed, will bloom yellow.
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III 104
And the fact that I might be able in the future to perceive a difference that I do not perceive now, constitutes now for me a significant aesthetic difference between the two.
III 104
If in fact, no difference can be perceived, then the existence of a difference is based alone on something that can be proved (or not) by other means than mere looking at it.


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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

G IV
N. Goodman
Catherine Z. Elgin
Reconceptions in Philosophy and Other Arts and Sciences, Indianapolis 1988
German Edition:
Revisionen Frankfurt 1989

Goodman I
N. Goodman
Ways of Worldmaking, Indianapolis/Cambridge 1978
German Edition:
Weisen der Welterzeugung Frankfurt 1984

Goodman II
N. Goodman
Fact, Fiction and Forecast, New York 1982
German Edition:
Tatsache Fiktion Voraussage Frankfurt 1988

Goodman III
N. Goodman
Languages of Art. An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, Indianapolis 1976
German Edition:
Sprachen der Kunst Frankfurt 1997


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