Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Observation: observation is detecting characteristics and behavior of objects by whatsoever contact with the object unlike conclusions from past processes or assumeded or imperceptible parts or hidden parameters. See also Hidden variable, Observation language, Theories, Theoretical entities._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Niklas Luhmann on Observation - Dictionary of Arguments
Observation/Luhmann: = Operation - Observers: System. The system forms itself when operators form sequences. The observer is in the reality, not above her. Observation: = distinction - E.g. system/environment - e.g sign/signified - E.g. medium/form. --- AU Cas 7 Distinction/observation/Luhmann: peculiar asymmetry: it does not work without two sides, it does not go without their unit, but it only works on one side and not at the same time on the other side. If there were both sides be present at the same time, there would be no difference anymore. Cf. >Asymmetry. Transcendental philosophy/Kant/Luhmann: introduces it through the need for asymmetry: the conditions of empirical knowledge cannot be empirical conditions by themselves. E.g. If you think about, that the seller must be seen business and not morally, you cannot ask the same time, what is the unity of the distinction between morality and business. You cannot observe yourself in the moment of observation as someone who handles the distinction. A reflection of the distinction is quite possible, but by another distinction. - E.g. We speak now of distinctions - but against a background of things that are not differentiated. Cf. >Distinctions. --- AU Cas 7 Observation/Luhmann: E.g. The economy observes by means of prices the customers and the competition. - Second order observation: E.g. One can observe a shift of the blind spot. >Blind spot._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
AU I N. Luhmann Introduction to Systems Theory, Lectures Universität Bielefeld 1991/1992 German Edition: Einführung in die Systemtheorie Heidelberg 1992 Lu I N. Luhmann Die Kunst der Gesellschaft Frankfurt 1997 |
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> Counter arguments against Luhmann
> Counter arguments in relation to Observation
