Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Encoding: Encoding is the process of converting data into a format that can be stored, transmitted, or processed. It can involve converting data from one character encoding to another, or from one format to another, such as from text to binary. See also Code, Information, Knowledge representation._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Yuichi Shoda on Encoding - Dictionary of Arguments
Corr I 476 Encoding/Cognitive-affective processing system/CAPS/ Shoda/Smith: One important set of CAPS (Cognitive-affective processing system) units are the mental categories, or personal constructs, used to encode, or mentally represent, the self, other people and events. People differ in how they customarily encode both internal and external stimuli (Higgins 1990)(1). >Social Cognition/Shoda/Smith. For example, performers differ in how they construe physiological arousal during performance situations (Jones and Swain 1992(2)). Some interpret the arousal cues as something that will aid their performance, whereas for others, arousal is an indication that they are ‘choking’. In the course of their social learning history, people also develop relational schemas (Baldwin 1999)(3), cognitive representations of how social relationships are expected to play out, or ‘work’. These schemas influence how they encode and respond to social interactions. Among the most significant encodings are the personal constructs used to represent one’s own characteristics (i.e., the self-schema). For example, research has shown that athletes differ in the extent to which their personal identity revolves around the role of ‘athlete’ (Brewer, Van Raalte and Linder 1993)(4). >Control processes/Shoda/Smith. 1. Higgins, E. T. 1990. Personality, social psychology, and person-situation relations: stand-ards and knowledge activation as a common language, in L. A. Pervin (ed.), Handbook of personality: theory and research, pp. 301–38. New York: Guilford Press 2. Jones, G. and Swain, A. B. J. 1992. Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness, Perceptual and Motor Skills 74: 467–72 3. Baldwin, M. W. 1999. Relational schemas: research into social-cognitive aspects of inter-personal experience, in D. Cervone and Y. Shoda (eds.), The coherence of personality: social-cognitive bases of consistency, variability, and organization, pp. 127–54. New York: Guilford Press 4. Brewer, B. W, Van Raalte, J. L and Linder, D. E. 1993. Athletic identity: Hercules’ muscles or Achilles heel?, International Journal of Sport Psychology 24: 237–54 Ronald E. Smith and Yuichi Shoda, “Personality as a cognitive-affective processing system“, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.) 2009. The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Shoda, Yuichi Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
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