Economics Dictionary of Arguments

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Learning: learning is acquiring the ability to establish relationships between signs, symptoms or symbols and objects. This also includes e.g. recognition and recollection of patterns, similarities, sensory perceptions, self-perception, etc. In the ideal case, the ability to apply generalizations to future cases is acquired while learning. See also knowledge, knowledge-how, competence.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Marvin Minsky on Learning - Dictionary of Arguments

I 75
Learning/Minsky:
Reward/punishment/reinforcement learning: MinskyVsTradition: reward/success and punish/failure - do not explain enough about how people learn to produce the new ideas that enable them to solve difficult problems that could not otherwise be solved without many lifetimes of ineffectual trial and error. Imagining, and remembering - all based on old and vague ideas.
Solution:
Memory/Minsky: [we] will be concerned with memory — that is, with records of the mental past. Why, how, and when should such records be made? When the human brain solves a hard problem, many millions of agents and processes are involved. Which agents could be wise enough to guess what changes should then be made? The high-level agents can't know such things; they scarcely know which lower-level processes exist.
>Software-Agents/Minsky
, >Reinforcement Learning/Minsky.
I 120
Learning/meaning/words/functions/Minsky: Learning is making useful changes in the workings of our minds. The problem is that we use the single word learning to cover too diverse a society of ideas. Such a word can be useful in the title of a book, or in the name of an institution. But when it comes to studying the subject itself, we need more distinctive terms for important, different ways to learn.
[There are] at least four different ways to learn.
Uniframing: combining several descriptions into one…
Accumulating: collecting incompatible descriptions...
Reformulating: modifying a description's character…
Trans-framing bridging between structures and functions or actions…
MinskyVsTradition: It seems to me that the older words used in psychology - such as generalizing, practicing, conditioning, memorizing, or associating - are either too vague to be useful or have become connected to theories that simply aren't sound. The older theories of learning and remembering never got very far because in trying to oversimplify, they lost essential aspects of the context.
Cf. >Learning theory.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Minsky I
Marvin Minsky
The Society of Mind New York 1985

Minsky II
Marvin Minsky
Semantic Information Processing Cambridge, MA 2003


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