Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Reason: Reason in philosophy is the ability to think clearly and logically about the world around us. It is the capacity to draw inferences from evidence, to identify and solve problems, and to make informed decisions. Reason is often contrasted with emotion, intuition, and faith. In Hegel there is a distinction between Verstand (that recognizes the differences) and Vernunft (that reassembles them). See also Hegel, Idealism, Thinking, Mind._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Thomas Hobbes on Reason - Dictionary of Arguments
Höffe I 219 Reason/Hobbes/Höffe: The passions for peace alone [the fear of death, the desire for things that are necessary for a pleasant life, and the hope of achieving them through one's own efforts] are certainly not enough to overcome the state of war. >War/Hobbes, >Natural State/Hobbes. Reason: As a further factor, a reason is needed that shows the triple peace drive the necessary way. It is therefore not autonomous, but is in foreign service. Its purpose comes not from within reason, but from outside, from free self-interest. Interest: Because of it, Hobbes' reason is individual pragmatic, self-interest succeeding, but merely theoretical. Theoretical Reason: For itself alone without drive, thus incapable of action, it is not a practical but a theoretical reason, which merely contributes an insight to the extra-reasonal drive: The right to everything that prevails in the state of nature proves, upon closer examination, to be a right to nothing. Because this insight in itself lacks any driving force, it needs another factor, both energetic and purposeful, precisely the three passions that promote peace. >Natural State/Hobbes, >Sense/Hobbes, >Happiness/Hobbes. The laws of nature originate from the peace treaty of reason, which here do not consist in laws of natural science, but in principles of a generally valid, in this respect quasi-human legal morality (Leviathan, chap. 14-15). Hobbes presents a total of 19 laws of nature. He begins with the commandment to seek peace. >Morals/Hobbes._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Hobbes I Thomas Hobbes Leviathan: With selected variants from the Latin edition of 1668 Cambridge 1994 Höffe I Otfried Höffe Geschichte des politischen Denkens München 2016 |
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