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Principles, philosophy of science: physical principles are not the same as laws of nature. Rather, laws can be gained from principles or traced back to principles. Examples are the principle of the shortest time, the principle of the smallest effect, the uncertainty principle. See also theories, laws of nature, laws, natural constants.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Richard Feynman on Principles - Dictionary of Arguments

I 355
Principle/Theory/Feynman: Principles can explain laws. According to what principle should the law of Snellius be clear at all?
>Laws
, >Natural laws.
I 355
Fermat's Principle of the Shortest Time/Refraction/Foucault: from all possible paths the light could take, it takes the path that requires the shortest time.
I 356
The path that leads to the object is chosen, if the mirror had not been present. (~).
I 357
Refraction: Transition from air to water: e.g. (Feynman): Suppose someone stands on the shore and sees someone falling from a boat into the water.
We can run much faster than we can swim. Therefore, we should choose a path with a longer route on land than the distance in the water. Exactly the same as light does!
Important: there is an area near the optimum point where, in the first approximation, there is no significant change in time. But in the second order.
>Refractive index.
I 358
When the ratio of the speed is n, light should penetrate at such an angle that the ratio of the sinuses of the angles Θi und Θr is the ratio of the velocities of the two media.
sin Θi = n sin Θr.
I 358
Principle of the Shortest Time/Fermat/Feynman: Conclusions:
1) Reversibility of direction.
2) E.g. the glass block displaces the beam parallel, since the exit angle is equal to the entrance angle.
E.g. sunset: the light moves slower in the denser air on the ground. The light therefore chooses the shorter path by an acute angle at the entrance. This means that we can still see the sun, even when it has already gone down.
I 359
Bsp mirage
I 361
Analogy/Analog/Theory/Principle of the Shortest Time/Fermat/Identity/Physics/Feynman: apparently, the principle of the shortest time and the statement that angles are equal in reflection, and that the sinuses are proportional to the angles at refraction, are the same.
>Analogies, >Comparisons, >Comparability.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Feynman I
Richard Feynman
The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Vol. I, Mainly Mechanics, Radiation, and Heat, California Institute of Technology 1963
German Edition:
Vorlesungen über Physik I München 2001

Feynman II
R. Feynman
The Character of Physical Law, Cambridge, MA/London 1967
German Edition:
Vom Wesen physikalischer Gesetze München 1993


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