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World/thinking: Questions about the reality of the world in comparison to perception and interpretation by the mind are central to philosophy. To what extent is objective knowledge or "objective" perception possible? Can thinking not only overcome the limitations of perception but also recognize them in the first place? See also perception, thinking, knowledge, cognition, objectivity, world, reality.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

R. Descartes on World/Thinking - Dictionary of Arguments

Holz II 32
World/Thinking/Tradition: pre-modern philosophy had founded thinking about the world from the world as a matter of course. Because also the thinking and the thinking itself is experienced as part of the world.
DescartesVsTradition: Descartes shows that everything in the world can be called into doubt, except for the doubt of the doubter himself. >Skepticism
.
Until then, Thomas of Aquin's theorem was valid:
Holz II 33
Cognition/Aquinas: "For everything that is ordered towards a goal, the rule of its direction and order must be taken from the goal.(1) ((s) The things to think determine the thinking). >Cognition.
HolzVsAquinas: so the method of recognition and the order of the terms must be determined by the object. That is naive realism!
According to Descartes, that is, if everything is doubtful except thinking itself, method and order of concepts must be determined by thinking!
So it is possible that the world is only set by the form of our thinking. (>Husserl).
Husserl: "The natural soil of being is secondary in its validity of being and presupposes the transcendental".(2)


1. Thomas von Aquin, Summa contra gentiles, I, 1 Hg. von K. Albert & P. Engelhardt, Darmstadt 1974, S. 3
2. Edmund Husserl, Cartesianische Meditationen, Den Haag 1950, S. 59.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Holz I
Hans Heinz Holz
Leibniz Frankfurt 1992

Holz II
Hans Heinz Holz
Descartes Frankfurt/M. 1994


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