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Citizenship: Citizenship is the legal status of an individual as a recognized member of a particular nation or country. It confers certain rights and obligations, such as the right to vote, hold public office, and access public services, while also imposing responsibilities such as paying taxes and obeying the law. See also State (Polity), Citizens, Bourgois/Citoyen, Law, Rights, Political elections, Electoral systems, Taxation.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Carole Pateman on Citizenship - Dictionary of Arguments

Gaus I 282
Citizenship/Pateman/Mottier: Pateman's critical rethinking of citizenship operates through a critique of theories of liberal democracy on the one hand and of theories of participatory democracy on the other. 'Feminism, liberalism and democracy (that is, a political order in which citizenship is universal, the right of each adult
Gaus I 283
individual member of the community) share a common origin,' Pateman argues.
>Feminism
, >Liberalism, >Democracy.
Femimnism, a general critique of social relationships of sexual domination and subordination and a vision of a sexually egalitarian future, like liberalism and democracy, emerges only when individualism, or the idea that individuals are by nature free and equal to each other, has developed as a universal theory of social organiza-tion.‘ (1989(1): 373ff)
Similarly to Walby, Pateman (1983(2); 1989(1)) emphasizes the necessity for feminist theories of citizenship to rethink the links between the private and public spheres. She develops this argument through a rereading of classical and contemporary theories of democracy, in which citizenship is assumed to be universal.
>Universalism.
PatemanVsTradition: The problem with classical political theories of democracy is, in her view, that only individuals of male gender are considered to have individual rights and liberties.
Social contract: Social contract theories such as those of Locke and Rousseau, for example, are founded on the subordination of women to men. As Pateman notes, contemporary democratic theory sees no contradiction between universal citizenship on the one hand and the exclusion of women from equal political participation, their relegation to the private sphere, and their subordination to men on the other.
>Democratic theory.
Liberalism: For theories of liberal democracy, social inequalities are in any case irrelevant to democratic citizenship. Such a view predominates in analyses of citizenship, including in those that recognize that democracy does not concern only the state, but also the organization of society (for example, Barber 1984)(3).
Society: However, most authors continue to consider relations between men and women in society as part of private life, and consequently do not integrate a gender dimension in their theories.

1. Pateman, Carole (1989) The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism and Political Theory.
Cambridge: Polity.
2. Pateman, Carole (1983) 'Feminist critiques of the public/private dichotomy'. In S. I. Benn and G. F. Gaus, eds, Public and Private in Social Life. London: Croom Helm, 281-303.
3. Barber, Benjamin (1984) Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Véronique Mottier 2004. „Feminism and Gender Theory: The Return of the State“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

PolPate I
Carole Pateman
Political Culture, Political Structure and Political Change 1971

Gaus I
Gerald F. Gaus
Chandran Kukathas
Handbook of Political Theory London 2004


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