Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Metaphor: a metaphor is the transmission of a linguistic expression into a different context than that in which it was expected. The expectation results from the frequency of previous uses in certain contexts. Through the transmission an expression, which is actually expected at this place in the speech, is replaced. The condition for replacement is a certain similarity between the characteristics of the old and the new expression required for understanding. The improbability of the appearance of the new expression is a condition for the rhetorical effect of the metaphor._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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John R. Searle on Metaphors - Dictionary of Arguments
II 189 Metaphor/Searle: there is no algorithm to decide whether one is present. It is about non-representational mental skills and similarity between extensions is often not critical. --- IV 98 Metaphor/Searle: why do some metaphors work and others do not? E.g. Sally is a block of ice, but not a prime number. Solution: a block of ice is not insensitive. There must be clear rules - metaphorical meaning is always an utterance condition. SearleVsAll other authors: the literal meaning is not sure. IV 103 Truth conditions are clear. IV 107 Metaphor is not a comparison - this is absurd: "with which block of ice do you compare him?" Similarity: is nevertheless important for understanding. Solution: it is only about Sally. IV 111 VsInteraction theory: there is no interaction between the ice block and Sally: you can use someone else. Meaning (like Davidson): in the metaphor no meaning changes its expression. >Metaphor/Davidson. IV 113 Negation: the negation is metaphorical as well. >Negation. IV 122 Metaphor/Searle: VsComparison Theory: there is indeed no resemblance asserted: e.g. "father of the country" - instead: you have to get behind the principles: what are the relevant similarities? Similarity itself is an empty predicate. IV 134 The basic principle is that only possible values of the metaphorically used expression can be the actual values that determine the possible properties of the object - metaphor needs no convention (irony neither). >Comparison, >Convention, >Similarity._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Searle I John R. Searle The Rediscovery of the Mind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1992 German Edition: Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes Frankfurt 1996 Searle II John R. Searle Intentionality. An essay in the philosophy of mind, Cambridge/MA 1983 German Edition: Intentionalität Frankfurt 1991 Searle III John R. Searle The Construction of Social Reality, New York 1995 German Edition: Die Konstruktion der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit Hamburg 1997 Searle IV John R. Searle Expression and Meaning. Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1979 German Edition: Ausdruck und Bedeutung Frankfurt 1982 Searle V John R. Searle Speech Acts, Cambridge/MA 1969 German Edition: Sprechakte Frankfurt 1983 Searle VII John R. Searle Behauptungen und Abweichungen In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle, Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle VIII John R. Searle Chomskys Revolution in der Linguistik In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle, Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Searle IX John R. Searle "Animal Minds", in: Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1994) pp. 206-219 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild, Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
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