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Actions, philosophy: Actions are conscious or unconscious human actions as opposed to physical events. The action can take place against the will of the agent, but only if the opposed will is not strong enough to prevent the execution entirely.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Jürgen Habermas on Actions - Dictionary of Arguments

III 36
Action/Rationality/Habermas: Actors behave rationally as long as they use predicates in such a way that other members of their environment would recognize their own reactions to similar situations under these descriptions.
III 126
Action/Habermas:
a) Teleological action: the actor realizes a purpose or causes the occurrence of a desirable state by choosing and appropriately applying the means promising in the given situation.
III 127
The central concept is the decision between action alternatives based on an interpretation of the situation.
Strategic action: here, the expectation of decisions from at least one other purposefully acting actor is included. This model of action is often interpreted utilitarian.
b) Norm-regulated action does not refer to the behaviour of a basically solitary actor who finds other actors in his environment, but to members of a social group who orientate their actions towards common values. This model is based on the role theory.
III 128
c) Dramaturgical acting refers primarily to interaction participants who form an audience for each other, in front of which they present themselves. The actor evokes a certain image, an impression of himself/herself in his audience by revealing his subjectivity more or less purposefully.
d) Communicative action: the concept refers to the interaction of at least two subjects capable of speech and action who enter into an interpersonal relationship (by linguistic or non-linguistic means). The actors seek an understanding to coordinate their plans and thus their actions.
>Rationality
, >Understanding, >Understandability,
>Communicative action/Habermas, >Communication theory/Habermas,
>Communication/Habermas, >Communicative practice/Habermas,
>Communicative rationality/Habermas.
III 144
Def Action/Habermas: Actions are only what I call such symbolic expressions with which the actor, as in teleological, norm-regulated and dramaturgical action, makes a reference to at least one world (the physical, the consciousness or the mentally divided world) but always also to the objective world. From these I distinguish between body movements and secondary operations.
III 150
The model of communicative action does not equate action with communication.
>Behavior, >Language Behavior.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Ha I
J. Habermas
Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne Frankfurt 1988

Ha III
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. I Frankfurt/M. 1981

Ha IV
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. II Frankfurt/M. 1981


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