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Reformation: The Reformation was a religious, political, intellectual, and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. It began in Germany in 1517 when Martin Luther, a monk and theology professor, published a document called the Ninety-Five Theses, criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. See also Christian Church, Religion, Religious belief.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Talcott Parsons on Reformation - Dictionary of Arguments

Habermas IV 424
Reformation/Parsons/Habermas: "Forerunner revolutions" are for Parson's Reformation and Renaissance, which make the transition to modernity possible by releasing the cognitive potentials contained in the tradition of Christianity and Roman-Greek antiquity, until then only worked on by cultural elites, monastic orders and universities, and
Habermas IV 425
to let these potentials have an effect at the institutional level.
>Revolutions/Parsons
.
Parsons builds on Weber's theory of social rationalization: just as the Reformation removes the barriers between the clergy, orders and laity and releases the drives of religious ethics for the shaping of profane areas of action, so the humanism of the Renaissance also makes the Roman-Greek heritage of science, jurisprudence and art that are emancipating from the church, accessible; above all, it paves the way for a modern legal system.
>Rationalization/Weber, >Procedural rationality, >Ethics of conviction, >Ethics, >Renaissance.
Parsons regards cultural traditions as the code that needs to be implemented in order to appear phenotypically at the level of social institutions. The Reformation and the Renaissance are regarded as these processes of social implementation.
>Cultural Tradition/Parsons.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

ParCh I
Ch. Parsons
Philosophy of Mathematics in the Twentieth Century: Selected Essays Cambridge 2014

ParTa I
T. Parsons
The Structure of Social Action, Vol. 1 1967

ParTe I
Ter. Parsons
Indeterminate Identity: Metaphysics and Semantics 2000

Ha I
J. Habermas
Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne Frankfurt 1988

Ha III
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. I Frankfurt/M. 1981

Ha IV
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. II Frankfurt/M. 1981


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