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Hierarchies: hierarchies are systems with separate levels between which changes propagate in one direction but not in the opposite direction. See also governance, master-slave dialectic, systems.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Talcott Parsons on Hierarchies - Dictionary of Arguments

Habermas IV 371
Hierarchies/Systems/System Theory/Parsons/Habermas: Parsons adopts a control mechanism for systems that in turn requires energy, but little compared to the consumption of the overall system. Parsons equates cultural values with controlling control values and treats the organic foundations of the action system as a source of energy. Then he establishes a hierarchy between behavioral system, personality, social system and culture in such a way that the lower level is in line with the respectively
Habermas IV 372
higher system of energy used, which is superior to the lower system in terms of information and control performance. This gives the cultural system the position of a sovereign of control.
Habermas: Parsons not only sets the course for a cultural determinism, but differentiates between two categories of environments: a) at the lower pole the natural or empirical environment, b) at the opposite pole an environment of a non-empirical, supernatural nature.(1)
>Levels/order
, >Description Levels.

1. T. Parsons, “Social Systems”, in: Parsons, Social Systems, 1977, p. 181.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

ParCh I
Ch. Parsons
Philosophy of Mathematics in the Twentieth Century: Selected Essays Cambridge 2014

ParTa I
T. Parsons
The Structure of Social Action, Vol. 1 1967

ParTe I
Ter. Parsons
Indeterminate Identity: Metaphysics and Semantics 2000

Ha I
J. Habermas
Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne Frankfurt 1988

Ha III
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. I Frankfurt/M. 1981

Ha IV
Jürgen Habermas
Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. II Frankfurt/M. 1981


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