Lexicon of Arguments

Philosophical and Scientific Issues in Dispute
 
[german]


Complaints - Corrections

Table
Concepts
Versus
Sc. Camps
Theses I
Theses II

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II 174f
Truth/Belief/Knowledge/Nozick: four conditions:
(1) p is true
(2) S believes that p
(3) If p were not true, S would not believe p.
(4) If p > S believes that p.
Improvement: if p were true, S would believe it. - That excludes the following: someone happens to look into a book and therefore believes p, but would otherwise not believe it. - Problem: you can believe something according to one method, and not believe the same thing according to another method.
>Knowledge, >Truth, >Method, >Certainty.
II 180
Problem: Variant: truth or falsity of p affects the choice of method.
II 178
Trace: = connection to the fact: is given when a person fulfils (3) and (4). - (3) ensures the trace.
II 179ff
Belief/Truth/Nozick: assuming, there are different methods, and the belief depends on the method. - E.g. The grandmother sees her grandson and believes that he is doing well. - If he were dead, you'd also tell her he was fine. - It does not follow that when she sees him, she does not know that he is doing well. - E.g. A father believes that his son is innocent
a) out of love
b) because of the evidence.
Problem: if the choice of method depends on the truth/falsity - that a method fulfils conditions 1 - 4 is too strong, that it only fulfils one, too weak.
>Stronger/weaker, >Conditions.

II 236
Belief/Knowledge/Disjunction/Conjunction/Probability/Nozick: Conjunction: we can believe it with connection to only one - disjunction: here we need both. - Adjunction: from the premises p, q, we can conclude the conjunction p & q as conclusion.
>Conjunction, >Disjunction, >Adjunction.
Probability: here, adjunction may fail, because the conjunction of two premises has a lower probability than each one individually.
>Probability.
Universal Generalization/Existence Generalization: we can believe it without connection to a particular instance.
>Universal Generalization, >Existential Generalization.

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