II 13
Languages/Black: different if speakers do not understand each other. >
Understanding.
II 16
Talk/Black: prevalence over writing. >
Speaking, >
Writing.
II 20
New: no fully articulated thought possible without symbolic representation. >
Representation.
Words/Malinowski: the same part and equivalents of the action. >Actions, >
Words.
II 31
Language/Black: Text linear - thinking nonlinear. >
Texts, >
Thinking.
II 30
Linguistics/Black: the tradition boasts about not considering the "impure meaning".
II 63
BloomfieldVsTradition: phonemes must be compared with respect to meaning - only if the examiner finds out which statements are similar and which different in their meaning, he can learn to recognize the phonemic differences.
Nevertheless, Bloomfiled per purely formal linguistics/per Ockham: meanings should not be used without need. One should rather rely on differences in meaning than on substantive meaning details.
II 74f
Language/Black: an infinite number of sentences is possible. - Therefore language is an open system like e.g., chess, chemical compositions, tunes. ((s) For the discussion whether there are infinitely many possible sentences, see >
Researchgate.)
II 87
Def Language/Black: too complex to be definable - Features: anchored in speech - speech act is targeted and self-regulating. Language is an institution (language community) - system built on units - meaning supporting, effect triggering, pliable
II 130
Language/Locke/Black: for transmission of thoughts - (ideas). >
Thoughts, >
Imagination.
II 161
VsLanguage/Berkeley: knowledge is confused and obscured through abuse.
Locke: ditto.
Whitehead: incomplete, only a transitional stage. Risk: false confidence in them.
Wittgenstein: all philosophy is criticism of language.
Examples from literature:
Swift: Gulliver: abolition of all words ...
II 166
Sartre: disgust: Roquentin wants to withdraw into silence.
