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Stroud I 128
Skepticism/Kant: it remains a scandal of philosophy that the existence of things outside of us must be accepted solely on the basis of belief.
KantVsDescartes: the relation between philosophical question and everyday knowledge is more indirect and complex than he thought. - ((s) But for Kant the perception of external things is very direct.)
Stroud I 136
KantVsSkepticism: two stages: 1. prove external things (Moore has solved) - 2. show the general possibility of such evidence.
Cf. >
Moore's hands .
Stroud I 138
Stroud: Problem: we do not have a specific text (sentence) with which Kant would formulate his realism and could prove it to Moore.
Stroud I 142
Everyday knowledge is unproblematic, complete and does not have to be proved.
Cf. >
Certainty .
Stroud I 140
Skepticism/KantVsSkepticism: the skepticism can never reach a conclusion because of the premises accepted by himself.
Stroud I 147
KantVsDescartes: he does not go far enough and relies too heavily on "testimonies" - (documents, evidence). More important: the conditions of possibility.
Davidson: Kant: no study of our knowledge could show that we always perceive something other than the independent objects we assume around us.
>
Thing in itself/Kant .
Solution/Kant: "Copernican revolution": idealism of all appearances. - "We only have direct consciousness of what belongs to us. Our perception depends on our capacity.
Wrong: that our experience would be in accordance with the things, but vice versa.
Stroud I 149
Things of the outer world/objects/world/reality/Kant/Stroud: all our perception, whether internal or external, and all "external objects of perception ... we have to regard them as representations of what we can be immediately conscious . - ((s) so the thing is the representation of our consciousness ->
transcendental idealism - founds the a priori character of our knowledge of space and time (geometry).
>
Space/Kant , >
Time/Kant , >
Geometry/Kant .
Therefore things cannot exist independently of our thoughts and experiences.
Stroud I 163
StroudVsKant: that we need to be aware of our experiences is the return of the "epistemic priority" (from Descartes).