I 42
Seeing/machine/Pinker: "ill-posed problem": inverse optics: to compose an object of pixels - analog: ambiguous factorization.
I 178
Seeing/Pinker: field of vision with thousands of processors, for color, others for shape - layer above it: processors that only mark the points that differ from their neighbors.
Separation of the layers, because it is impossible to distribute detectors for connections to all places (because too many types of connection).
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Visual field/Psychology.
Hence, the connections are combinational - Thesis: the combinations are created deliberately. - in memory wrong combination of colors and shapes.
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Memory.
I 269
Definition seeing/David Marr: solution of badly posed problems by adding assumptions - creates a description that is useful, and not overloaded with irrelevant information. (Description in mentalese).
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Language of thought/mentalese.
Illusions/Pinker: make assumptions visible with which the selection has endowed us.
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Deception.
Representation/Pinker: not in the form of retinal images but in form of objects and spatial relations.
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Representation.
I 293
Marr: Solution: Probability: not all possible combinations occur in the world as frequent as others. - The visual line ends in the environment mostly on a surface, which is not much further away than the neighboring surface.
Some units only turn on when they receive the same input from both eyes.
I 298
Seeing/gene/Pinker: genes, cannot foresee the final removal of ocular points, therefore, seeing is not learned, but first needs to be developed.
I 303
For three-dimensional seeing you do not need two eyes.
I 317
Seeing/shape/color/Pinker: Professionals for tasks: form, color, lighting (angle, reflections, shading).Assumptions: regularity before irregularity, homogeneity, few gray areas.
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Regularities.
I 324
Seeing/PinkerVsGombrich: contrarily to the widely held view we do not see what we expect to see.
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Seeing/Ernst H. Gombrich, >
Perception/Ernst H. Gombrich.
I 326
Seeing/Marr: "two-and-half-dimensional sketch": spatial depth is cut back half a dimension. - Because it does not define the medium in which the information is held.
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Media.
I 327
Seeing/frame of reference/Pinker: for the use of information it is not important, that it is reformed, but that it is collected correctly - which requires a frame of reference or coordinate system.
This must be carried along- therefore copies of the images must be made.
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Reference system.
I 334
Seeing/Pinker: objects have the ability to get frames of references themselves - an adult knows the names of 10,000 obejects, most of them he recognizes by shape.
Memory/Marr: makes use of the reference frame of the retina - not oriented towards object itself, otherwise save each perspective individually.
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Memory.
I 366
Form/shape/Seeing/Biederman: Theory of Geons: Geon: cube, bow, handles, cuboid, pyramid, buckets, etc.
MarrVs/PinkerVs - Geons make lollis out of all - face recognition is impossible.
Cf. >
Gestalt-psychology, >
Gestalt-theory.
I 342
Seeing/Pinker: new: perhaps only 40 aspects of objects stored, instead of as previously believed 40,000 - crucial: up/down. Africa lying on its side is not recognized - VsGeons: we can turn objects in our mind.
