Lexicon of Arguments

 

X 113f
Double Negation/Quine: E.g. Sentence of the excluded middle/Quine. (1) Every closed sentence is true or false - (2) Every closed sentence or its negation is true. - (3) Every closed sentence is true or not true - multivalent logic: truth value 1, 2, 3: "2" and "3" are summarized as "false" - then the negation of 2 and 3 leads to 1 - from 1 to (2 v 3) - Problem: for truth functions we have to decide: the negation always has to lead from 1 to 2 or 3 - then the double negation does not work anymore.
>Excluded Middle/Quine.
X 111
Deviating Logic/Dialethism/Sentence of the excluded middle/translation/meaning/negation/Quine: some in science reject the sentence of the excluded middle and occasionally consider a sentence and its negation both true.
Vs: as an objection one hears that any conjunction of the form "p.~p" ((s) AZ: when the form is presented) logically implies any sentence. (EFQ). If one now accepts the negation together with the sentence, the distinction would be true/false and thus the whole science.
Solution/VsVs: the contradictions could perhaps be isolated.
QuineVsDialethism/QuineVsPriest: in this dispute, no side knows what they are actually talking about. One only thinks one is talking about negation, i.e. "~" or the sign for "not". In reality, however, the sign "~" has nothing to do with negation if the conjunction "p.~p" is considered true.
QuineVsDeviating Logic: it only changes the subject.
X 118
Adjunction/Negation/logical operators/Quine: are inherent, not transcendent. Because with a deviating logic we cannot maintain its meanings.
Intuitionism: is therefore not a different opinion about the laws for the operators. Rather, he fights them as useless for science.