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I 23
Mereology/Simons: mereology has operators instead of quantifiers (of PL). Operators take a Term N and form a new term N (a noun), e.g "ov" overlapper of "pt" "part-of", "ex" outsider of-complex terms: e.g. instead PL: "binary product of () and ()", the following is easier: "(Bpr (,))". Mereology: "Sm" "sum-of", "Pr": "Product-of".
Plural Designation/mereology: "Sum of the squares" instead PL: "Sum of x such that x is a square.
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Parts , >
Part-of-relation .
I 176f
Mereological Consistency: e.g. wine in a specific bottle stops being this when poured. Mereological variability: e.g. water in the river Salzach: is "the same water with differences in its entirety".
Mass Terms: mass terms tend to consistency because we are referring with terms of constancy to change. Material things are mereological variable: they can gain and lose parts.
Pro: Aristotle, Locke,
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Aristotle , >
J. Locke ,
Vs: Leibniz, Hume, Reid, Chisholm.
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Th. Reid , >
G.W. Leibniz , >
D. Hume , >
R. Chisholm .
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Essentialism , >
Essence .
I 190
Mereological Consistency/succession/Chisholm: mereological variable objects are only logical structures made of mereological constant objects (entia per se). The relation of succession depends on the type of object (e.g. table or cat).
I 209
Continuity/Simons: continuity is stricter than mereological consistency: the hair must exist continuously, so that the old hairstyle can be restored.
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Continuity , >
Consistency .
I 278
Mereology/science/practice/Simons: most of the objects of the natural sciences e.g. stars, planets, organisms or volcanoes are such that they are both: natural objects or whole and at the same time mereological variable. This corresponds to a middle path between essentialism and arbitrary or conventional parts.
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Essentialism , >
Conventions , >
Necessary part .