Lexicon of Arguments

Philosophical and Scientific Issues in Dispute
 
[german]


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Theses I
Theses II

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I 44
Entailment: consists in the interpretation - inference: in the underlying natural language.
Llogical consequence/Cresswell: but, of course, there is even in intensional logic the concept of logical consequence and e.g. Montague has made use of it.
For example, if p and q are propositional variables, then neither is a logical consequence of the other because it is always possible to attribute truth values to the variables so that p is true in a possible world, but q is not.
VsEntailment: it may be in many interpretations that the set of possible worlds, in which p is true, is entailed in the set of possible worlds, in which q is true. And in all these interpretations, applies: p entails q.
Logic/some authors: thesis: logic is concerned primarily with what is true in all interpretations, not merely in one.
CresswellVs: even if this is true, this cannot apply in an analysis of the natural language.
>Everyday language.
It is also simply not true that logic deals with all interpretations. For example, the logical constants are only interpreted in one way and not in others - it must be ensured that the meaning postulates do not provide an analysis of what it means for an inference to be valid. ((s) Otherwise circular).
>Meaning postulates.
Hughes I 265
Entailment/Ackermann/Hughes/Cresswell: from criticising paradoxes of strict implication: even weakest systems contain them. - This makes it impossible to interpret "strimp" as "follows from" or "follows logically from".
Solution: Entailment: as a calculus of logical continuity.
Ackermann: "strict implication" - Belnap, Anderson: Entailment.
>Strict implication, >Consequence.

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