@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 29 Mar 2024}, author = {Hintikka,Jaakko}, subject = {Descriptions}, note = {II 172 Description/knowledge/Russell/Hintikka: knowledge by description: here, we know propositions about the "so-and-so" without knowing who or what the "so-and-so" is. >Propositional knowledge, >Knowlege how, >Knowledge. Ad (ii): e.g. description: instead of Bismarck: "the first chancellor of the German Reich". HintikkaVs (ii) this sweeps the problem under the carpet. Problem: the use of descriptions must ultimately lead to the fact that the descriptions are translated back into names, and this is not possible here! Also: Reduction/description/names/Hintikka: not all individuals with descriptions we talk about have identities that are known to everyone. The interpretation of Russell does not rule out the fact that many different entities act as legitimate values of the variables, which in principle can also be named with names. Ad (iii) Russell/Hintikka: that was Russell's implicit solution: he redefines the range of the individual variables so that they are restricted to individuals we know by acquaintance. Existential Generalization/EG/Russell/Hintikka: the existential generalization applies only to names of individuals with whom we are familiar. Concealed Description/Russell/Hintikka: the existential generalization fails for individuals whose names have to be conceived as covert descriptions ((s) because we know them only by description). Cf. >Acquaintance.}, note = { Hintikka I Jaakko Hintikka Merrill B. Hintikka Investigating Wittgenstein German Edition: Untersuchungen zu Wittgenstein Frankfurt 1996 Hintikka II Jaakko Hintikka Merrill B. Hintikka The Logic of Epistemology and the Epistemology of Logic Dordrecht 1989 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=411446} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=411446} }