@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 19 Mar 2024}, author = {Simons,Peter M.}, subject = {Essence}, note = {I 258 Essential/Simons: what exists, exists essentially. But it does not exist necessarily. Solution: assuming that e.g. whatever is a human, must be a human. Essential/Simons: essential means "relatively necessary". It is essential for Cicero that he exists. Necessary/Wiggins: necessary should distinguish these cases. >Necessity/Wiggins, >Necessity de re/Wiggins. I 261 Trivially essential/Simons: e.g. to be colored if red, e.g. to be self-identical, e.g. to exist, e.g. "to be like that 2 + 2 = 4" is trivially essential. Essential attributes: essential attributes are no "mere facts" ("brute facts"), but an object has them by virtue of the fact that it belongs to a certain type. It is not accidental for an object of a given type, that it has the characteristics which underlie the type. >Attributes, >Features/Frege. I 284 Normal/essential/middle course/Simons: "normal part of a normal thing of a type" is the middle course between simple and essential part. This is often forgotten by philosophers ((s) they take type as the fundamental concept but no formal theory). Normality: perhaps starting from wellformedness. Woltersdorff: e.g. music piece, performance. SimonsVs: this does not work because of transitivity of identity. >Transitivity, >Identity.}, note = { Simons I P. Simons Parts. A Study in Ontology Oxford New York 1987 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=284790} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=284790} }